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FAQs on NCERT Textbook: Oscillations - Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

1. What is oscillation?
Ans. Oscillation refers to the repetitive back-and-forth motion of an object or a system about its equilibrium position. It occurs when there is a restoring force that brings the object back towards its equilibrium position after being displaced.
2. What are the types of oscillations?
Ans. There are mainly two types of oscillations: a) Free oscillations: These occur when an object or a system oscillates on its own without any external force acting on it. Examples include a pendulum swinging back and forth or a guitar string vibrating after being plucked. b) Forced oscillations: These occur when an object or a system is subjected to an external force that continuously drives it to oscillate. An example is the motion of a child on a swing, where the child needs to continuously push their legs to maintain the oscillations.
3. What is the importance of oscillations in daily life?
Ans. Oscillations have various applications in our daily life. Some examples include: - Timekeeping: Oscillations in clocks and watches help in measuring time accurately. - Musical instruments: Oscillations of strings, air columns, and membranes in musical instruments produce different notes and tones. - Electricity generation: Alternating currents (AC) in power generation and distribution systems rely on oscillations. - Mechanical systems: Oscillations are utilized in car suspensions, shock absorbers, and various other mechanical systems to provide comfort and stability.
4. What is the period of oscillation?
Ans. The period of oscillation is the time taken by an object or a system to complete one full cycle of oscillation. It is denoted by the symbol T and is measured in seconds. The period is inversely proportional to the frequency of oscillation, which is the number of cycles completed per unit time.
5. How does damping affect oscillations?
Ans. Damping refers to the gradual decrease in the amplitude of oscillations over time due to the dissipation of energy. It can affect oscillations in the following ways: - Underdamping: When damping is relatively low, oscillations gradually decrease in amplitude but continue for a longer time. - Overdamping: When damping is high, oscillations decrease slowly and take a longer time to come to rest. - Critical damping: This occurs when damping is set to the optimal level, allowing the system to return to its equilibrium position in the shortest possible time without overshooting or oscillating.
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