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NCERT Textbook: Chemical Coordination & Integration | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE PDF Download
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FAQs on NCERT Textbook: Chemical Coordination & Integration - Science & Technology for UPSC CSE
| 1. What is chemical coordination and integration? |  |
Ans. Chemical coordination and integration refers to the communication and regulation of various physiological processes in the human body through the release and response to chemical substances called hormones. These hormones are secreted by specialized glands and play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and coordinating the functions of different organs and systems.
| 2. What are the major endocrine glands in the human body? | |
Ans. The major endocrine glands in the human body include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries (in females), and testes (in males). These glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, which then travel to target organs or tissues to regulate their activities.
| 3. How does the hypothalamus control the release of hormones from the pituitary gland? | |
Ans. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. It produces releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones that are transported via a special network of blood vessels called the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system to the anterior pituitary gland. These hormones stimulate or inhibit the release of specific hormones from the pituitary gland, thereby regulating various physiological processes.
| 4. What is the role of insulin in the regulation of blood glucose levels? | |
Ans. Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. Its primary role is to regulate blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, especially liver, muscle, and adipose tissue cells. Insulin promotes the conversion of glucose into glycogen (glycogenesis) in the liver and muscle cells, lowering blood glucose levels. It also inhibits the breakdown of glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis) and the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (gluconeogenesis).
| 5. How does the adrenal gland help the body respond to stress? | |
Ans. The adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, help the body respond to stress by releasing hormones called adrenaline (epinephrine) and cortisol. Adrenaline increases heart rate, dilates blood vessels, and raises blood pressure, preparing the body for a fight-or-flight response. Cortisol, also known as the stress hormone, increases blood sugar levels, suppresses the immune system, and aids in metabolism, providing the body with a burst of energy during stressful situations.
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