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1. How did modernisation impact the social structure of society?
Ans. Modernisation brought significant changes to the social structure of society. Traditional hierarchies and social roles were challenged as new ideas and values emerged. For example, the spread of education and industrialisation led to the rise of a middle class, which in turn created new social dynamics and aspirations. Additionally, the increased mobility brought about by modernisation led to the breakdown of traditional community ties and the emergence of urbanisation. Overall, modernisation reshaped social relationships and created new social classes and identities.
2. What role did colonialism play in the process of modernisation?
Ans. Colonialism played a crucial role in the process of modernisation. European powers colonised various regions across the globe, imposing their political, economic, and cultural systems. They introduced modern technologies, administrative structures, and educational systems that laid the foundation for modernisation in the colonised societies. However, the colonial rule also resulted in the exploitation of local resources and the suppression of indigenous cultures. The impact of colonialism on modernisation was complex, as it involved both positive and negative consequences.
3. How did modernisation impact the economy of societies?
Ans. Modernisation brought significant changes to the economy of societies. It led to the shift from agrarian-based economies to industrial economies, with the growth of factories and the expansion of trade. The introduction of modern technologies and transportation systems revolutionised production and distribution processes. This resulted in economic growth and increased productivity. However, these changes also led to the displacement of traditional occupations and the exploitation of workers. Additionally, modernisation created new economic disparities between different social classes.
4. What were the challenges faced by societies during the process of modernisation?
Ans. The process of modernisation was not without its challenges. One of the primary challenges was the resistance from traditional elites who were threatened by the changing social and political order. They often attempted to preserve their privileges and resist the adoption of modern ideas and practices. Additionally, the rapid pace of change brought about by modernisation created social and economic dislocation, leading to unrest and conflicts. There was also a clash between traditional values and the new ideas and values associated with modernisation.
5. How did modernisation impact the political systems of societies?
Ans. Modernisation had a profound impact on the political systems of societies. The traditional monarchical and feudal systems were challenged, and new forms of governance emerged. Modernisation often led to the establishment of democratic political structures, with the introduction of representative governments and the expansion of political rights. However, in some cases, modernisation also led to the rise of authoritarian regimes as societies dealt with the challenges and uncertainties of the modern world. Overall, modernisation reshaped political power structures and the relationship between the state and its citizens.
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