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FAQs on NCERT Textbook: Waves - Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

1. What are the different types of waves described in the NCERT Waves chapter?
Ans. The NCERT Waves chapter describes two main types of waves: mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. Mechanical waves require a medium to travel through, such as sound waves and water waves. Electromagnetic waves, on the other hand, do not require a medium and can travel through a vacuum, examples include light waves and radio waves.
2. How is the speed of a wave calculated?
Ans. The speed of a wave can be calculated using the formula: speed (v) = frequency (f) x wavelength (λ). Here, frequency is the number of oscillations per second, and wavelength is the distance between successive crests or troughs of the wave. Therefore, knowing either the frequency or wavelength allows us to determine the speed of the wave.
3. What is the principle of superposition in wave theory?
Ans. The principle of superposition states that when two or more waves overlap in space, the resultant displacement at any point is equal to the algebraic sum of the displacements due to each wave individually. This principle explains phenomena such as interference, where waves can constructively or destructively interfere with each other.
4. What are standing waves, and how are they formed?
Ans. Standing waves are a type of wave that appears to be stationary, created by the interference of two waves traveling in opposite directions with the same frequency and amplitude. They are commonly observed in strings fixed at both ends, where specific points (nodes) remain stationary while others (antinodes) oscillate with maximum amplitude.
5. Can you explain the concept of resonance in waves?
Ans. Resonance is a phenomenon that occurs when an object is made to vibrate at its natural frequency by an external force. This leads to a significant increase in amplitude. In the context of waves, resonance can occur in systems such as musical instruments, where specific frequencies enhance sound production, resulting in a rich tonal quality.
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