North Korea, South Korea and Japan | SSC CGL Tier 2 - Study Material, Online Tests, Previous Year PDF Download

 Page 1


North Korea, South Korea and Japan 
 
 
 
North Korea 
  
Discovering North Korea: A Fascinating Land of Rich History and Natural Beauty 
Introduction 
North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, is a 
captivating country situated in East Asia. This article aims to provide you with a 
comprehensive overview of North Korea's geography, history, and unique 
Page 2


North Korea, South Korea and Japan 
 
 
 
North Korea 
  
Discovering North Korea: A Fascinating Land of Rich History and Natural Beauty 
Introduction 
North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, is a 
captivating country situated in East Asia. This article aims to provide you with a 
comprehensive overview of North Korea's geography, history, and unique 
North Korea, South Korea and Japan 
 
 
features. Embark on a journey to uncover the intriguing aspects of this 
remarkable nation. 
Geography: A Land of Scenic Wonders 
North Korea occupies the northern portion of the Korean peninsula, stretching 
between the East Sea (Sea of Japan) and the Yellow Sea. Bordered by China to the 
north and Russia to the northeast, it shares its southern border with South Korea. 
The capital city, P’yongyang, serves as a bustling industrial and transportation hub 
along the western coast. 
? Land Relief: North Korea boasts a diverse topography characterized by 
majestic mountains, sprawling valleys, and coastal plains. The Kaema 
Highlands, located in the northeast, form the highest elevation point on the 
peninsula, reaching an average height of 3,300 feet (1,000 meters). Mount 
Paektu, an extinct volcano with a large crater lake, stands as the country's 
highest peak at 9,022 feet (2,750 meters). 
? River Systems: The Yalu and Tumen (Tuman) rivers, originating from Mount 
Paektu, flow southwestward and northeastward, respectively. Major rivers 
such as the Yalu, Ch’ongch’on, Taedong, Chaeryong, and Yesong drain into 
the Yellow Sea. The western river valleys are vital agricultural regions, while 
the east coast features the scenic Tumen River. 
? Soils and Drainage: North Korea's soils vary from locally derived sandy 
materials to fertile alluvial soils in the valleys and coastal plains. The 
weathering of granitic rocks and schists contributes to the brownish, low-
fertility soils, while limestone formations give rise to reddish brown soils. 
The Kaema Highlands exhibit podzols, ash-gray forest soils resulting from 
the cold climate and coniferous forest cover. 
Climate: Seasons Paint the Landscape 
North Korea experiences a cool continental climate, with distinctive seasons that 
shape its natural beauty and local lifestyles. 
? Winter Season: Lasting from December to March, winter brings long and 
cold months. In the south, mean temperatures in January range from 
Page 3


North Korea, South Korea and Japan 
 
 
 
North Korea 
  
Discovering North Korea: A Fascinating Land of Rich History and Natural Beauty 
Introduction 
North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, is a 
captivating country situated in East Asia. This article aims to provide you with a 
comprehensive overview of North Korea's geography, history, and unique 
North Korea, South Korea and Japan 
 
 
features. Embark on a journey to uncover the intriguing aspects of this 
remarkable nation. 
Geography: A Land of Scenic Wonders 
North Korea occupies the northern portion of the Korean peninsula, stretching 
between the East Sea (Sea of Japan) and the Yellow Sea. Bordered by China to the 
north and Russia to the northeast, it shares its southern border with South Korea. 
The capital city, P’yongyang, serves as a bustling industrial and transportation hub 
along the western coast. 
? Land Relief: North Korea boasts a diverse topography characterized by 
majestic mountains, sprawling valleys, and coastal plains. The Kaema 
Highlands, located in the northeast, form the highest elevation point on the 
peninsula, reaching an average height of 3,300 feet (1,000 meters). Mount 
Paektu, an extinct volcano with a large crater lake, stands as the country's 
highest peak at 9,022 feet (2,750 meters). 
? River Systems: The Yalu and Tumen (Tuman) rivers, originating from Mount 
Paektu, flow southwestward and northeastward, respectively. Major rivers 
such as the Yalu, Ch’ongch’on, Taedong, Chaeryong, and Yesong drain into 
the Yellow Sea. The western river valleys are vital agricultural regions, while 
the east coast features the scenic Tumen River. 
? Soils and Drainage: North Korea's soils vary from locally derived sandy 
materials to fertile alluvial soils in the valleys and coastal plains. The 
weathering of granitic rocks and schists contributes to the brownish, low-
fertility soils, while limestone formations give rise to reddish brown soils. 
The Kaema Highlands exhibit podzols, ash-gray forest soils resulting from 
the cold climate and coniferous forest cover. 
Climate: Seasons Paint the Landscape 
North Korea experiences a cool continental climate, with distinctive seasons that 
shape its natural beauty and local lifestyles. 
? Winter Season: Lasting from December to March, winter brings long and 
cold months. In the south, mean temperatures in January range from 
North Korea, South Korea and Japan 
 
 
approximately 20 °F (-7 °C), while in the northern interior, temperatures 
can drop as low as -10 °F (-23 °C). 
? Summer Season: From June to September, North Korea enjoys a warm 
summer with mean July temperatures hovering above the upper 60s F 
(around 20 °C). The annual temperature range is significant, reaching 
approximately 54 °F (30 °C) in P’yongyang and 77 °F (43 °C) in Chunggang. 
Notably, the east coast experiences milder winters due to ocean currents 
and the presence of mountain ranges. 
? Precipitation and Monsoons: Most regions of North Korea receive around 
40 inches (1,000 mm) of precipitation annually. The summer monsoon from 
the Pacific Ocean brings heavy rainfall concentrated between June and 
September, accounting for three-fifths of the annual precipitation. Winter 
sees less precipitation, mainly in the form of snowfall, particularly in the 
T’aebaek Mountains. The east coast receives higher winter temperatures 
and slightly more rainfall than the west coast. 
Flora and Fauna: Nature's Abundance 
North Korea's diverse ecosystems support a range of flora and fauna, creating a 
haven for both plant enthusiasts and wildlife enthusiasts. 
? Vegetation: The highlands, especially around Mount Paektu, feature 
coniferous trees such as the Siberian fir, spruce, pine, and Korean pine. 
Continuous deforestation has diminished the temperate mixed forests 
found in the western lowlands. However, scattered patches of these 
original forests still exist, alongside small pine groves mixed with oaks, 
lindens, maples, and birches. Along rivers and flood-prone areas, reeds, 
sedges, wild mulberry trees, and Italian poplars thrive. 
? Wildlife: Deforestation has affected the populations of various animal 
species, including deer, mountain antelope, goats, tigers, and leopards, 
which are now restricted to remote forests. However, wild pigeons, herons, 
cranes, and migratory waterfowl still grace the plains and rice fields. 
Notably, the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between North and South Korea has 
become a de facto nature preserve, featuring diverse ecosystems, 
Page 4


North Korea, South Korea and Japan 
 
 
 
North Korea 
  
Discovering North Korea: A Fascinating Land of Rich History and Natural Beauty 
Introduction 
North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, is a 
captivating country situated in East Asia. This article aims to provide you with a 
comprehensive overview of North Korea's geography, history, and unique 
North Korea, South Korea and Japan 
 
 
features. Embark on a journey to uncover the intriguing aspects of this 
remarkable nation. 
Geography: A Land of Scenic Wonders 
North Korea occupies the northern portion of the Korean peninsula, stretching 
between the East Sea (Sea of Japan) and the Yellow Sea. Bordered by China to the 
north and Russia to the northeast, it shares its southern border with South Korea. 
The capital city, P’yongyang, serves as a bustling industrial and transportation hub 
along the western coast. 
? Land Relief: North Korea boasts a diverse topography characterized by 
majestic mountains, sprawling valleys, and coastal plains. The Kaema 
Highlands, located in the northeast, form the highest elevation point on the 
peninsula, reaching an average height of 3,300 feet (1,000 meters). Mount 
Paektu, an extinct volcano with a large crater lake, stands as the country's 
highest peak at 9,022 feet (2,750 meters). 
? River Systems: The Yalu and Tumen (Tuman) rivers, originating from Mount 
Paektu, flow southwestward and northeastward, respectively. Major rivers 
such as the Yalu, Ch’ongch’on, Taedong, Chaeryong, and Yesong drain into 
the Yellow Sea. The western river valleys are vital agricultural regions, while 
the east coast features the scenic Tumen River. 
? Soils and Drainage: North Korea's soils vary from locally derived sandy 
materials to fertile alluvial soils in the valleys and coastal plains. The 
weathering of granitic rocks and schists contributes to the brownish, low-
fertility soils, while limestone formations give rise to reddish brown soils. 
The Kaema Highlands exhibit podzols, ash-gray forest soils resulting from 
the cold climate and coniferous forest cover. 
Climate: Seasons Paint the Landscape 
North Korea experiences a cool continental climate, with distinctive seasons that 
shape its natural beauty and local lifestyles. 
? Winter Season: Lasting from December to March, winter brings long and 
cold months. In the south, mean temperatures in January range from 
North Korea, South Korea and Japan 
 
 
approximately 20 °F (-7 °C), while in the northern interior, temperatures 
can drop as low as -10 °F (-23 °C). 
? Summer Season: From June to September, North Korea enjoys a warm 
summer with mean July temperatures hovering above the upper 60s F 
(around 20 °C). The annual temperature range is significant, reaching 
approximately 54 °F (30 °C) in P’yongyang and 77 °F (43 °C) in Chunggang. 
Notably, the east coast experiences milder winters due to ocean currents 
and the presence of mountain ranges. 
? Precipitation and Monsoons: Most regions of North Korea receive around 
40 inches (1,000 mm) of precipitation annually. The summer monsoon from 
the Pacific Ocean brings heavy rainfall concentrated between June and 
September, accounting for three-fifths of the annual precipitation. Winter 
sees less precipitation, mainly in the form of snowfall, particularly in the 
T’aebaek Mountains. The east coast receives higher winter temperatures 
and slightly more rainfall than the west coast. 
Flora and Fauna: Nature's Abundance 
North Korea's diverse ecosystems support a range of flora and fauna, creating a 
haven for both plant enthusiasts and wildlife enthusiasts. 
? Vegetation: The highlands, especially around Mount Paektu, feature 
coniferous trees such as the Siberian fir, spruce, pine, and Korean pine. 
Continuous deforestation has diminished the temperate mixed forests 
found in the western lowlands. However, scattered patches of these 
original forests still exist, alongside small pine groves mixed with oaks, 
lindens, maples, and birches. Along rivers and flood-prone areas, reeds, 
sedges, wild mulberry trees, and Italian poplars thrive. 
? Wildlife: Deforestation has affected the populations of various animal 
species, including deer, mountain antelope, goats, tigers, and leopards, 
which are now restricted to remote forests. However, wild pigeons, herons, 
cranes, and migratory waterfowl still grace the plains and rice fields. 
Notably, the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between North and South Korea has 
become a de facto nature preserve, featuring diverse ecosystems, 
North Korea, South Korea and Japan 
 
 
estuaries, wetlands, and a sanctuary for endangered bird species and 
Asiatic black bears. 
Conclusion: Unveiling North Korea's Richness 
North Korea is a nation brimming with natural wonders and historical significance. 
From its captivating landscapes, including mountains, valleys, and coastal plains, 
to its unique climate and diverse flora and fauna, the country offers a treasure 
trove of experiences. Immerse yourself in the mysteries of North Korea and 
discover the allure that lies within its borders. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 5


North Korea, South Korea and Japan 
 
 
 
North Korea 
  
Discovering North Korea: A Fascinating Land of Rich History and Natural Beauty 
Introduction 
North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, is a 
captivating country situated in East Asia. This article aims to provide you with a 
comprehensive overview of North Korea's geography, history, and unique 
North Korea, South Korea and Japan 
 
 
features. Embark on a journey to uncover the intriguing aspects of this 
remarkable nation. 
Geography: A Land of Scenic Wonders 
North Korea occupies the northern portion of the Korean peninsula, stretching 
between the East Sea (Sea of Japan) and the Yellow Sea. Bordered by China to the 
north and Russia to the northeast, it shares its southern border with South Korea. 
The capital city, P’yongyang, serves as a bustling industrial and transportation hub 
along the western coast. 
? Land Relief: North Korea boasts a diverse topography characterized by 
majestic mountains, sprawling valleys, and coastal plains. The Kaema 
Highlands, located in the northeast, form the highest elevation point on the 
peninsula, reaching an average height of 3,300 feet (1,000 meters). Mount 
Paektu, an extinct volcano with a large crater lake, stands as the country's 
highest peak at 9,022 feet (2,750 meters). 
? River Systems: The Yalu and Tumen (Tuman) rivers, originating from Mount 
Paektu, flow southwestward and northeastward, respectively. Major rivers 
such as the Yalu, Ch’ongch’on, Taedong, Chaeryong, and Yesong drain into 
the Yellow Sea. The western river valleys are vital agricultural regions, while 
the east coast features the scenic Tumen River. 
? Soils and Drainage: North Korea's soils vary from locally derived sandy 
materials to fertile alluvial soils in the valleys and coastal plains. The 
weathering of granitic rocks and schists contributes to the brownish, low-
fertility soils, while limestone formations give rise to reddish brown soils. 
The Kaema Highlands exhibit podzols, ash-gray forest soils resulting from 
the cold climate and coniferous forest cover. 
Climate: Seasons Paint the Landscape 
North Korea experiences a cool continental climate, with distinctive seasons that 
shape its natural beauty and local lifestyles. 
? Winter Season: Lasting from December to March, winter brings long and 
cold months. In the south, mean temperatures in January range from 
North Korea, South Korea and Japan 
 
 
approximately 20 °F (-7 °C), while in the northern interior, temperatures 
can drop as low as -10 °F (-23 °C). 
? Summer Season: From June to September, North Korea enjoys a warm 
summer with mean July temperatures hovering above the upper 60s F 
(around 20 °C). The annual temperature range is significant, reaching 
approximately 54 °F (30 °C) in P’yongyang and 77 °F (43 °C) in Chunggang. 
Notably, the east coast experiences milder winters due to ocean currents 
and the presence of mountain ranges. 
? Precipitation and Monsoons: Most regions of North Korea receive around 
40 inches (1,000 mm) of precipitation annually. The summer monsoon from 
the Pacific Ocean brings heavy rainfall concentrated between June and 
September, accounting for three-fifths of the annual precipitation. Winter 
sees less precipitation, mainly in the form of snowfall, particularly in the 
T’aebaek Mountains. The east coast receives higher winter temperatures 
and slightly more rainfall than the west coast. 
Flora and Fauna: Nature's Abundance 
North Korea's diverse ecosystems support a range of flora and fauna, creating a 
haven for both plant enthusiasts and wildlife enthusiasts. 
? Vegetation: The highlands, especially around Mount Paektu, feature 
coniferous trees such as the Siberian fir, spruce, pine, and Korean pine. 
Continuous deforestation has diminished the temperate mixed forests 
found in the western lowlands. However, scattered patches of these 
original forests still exist, alongside small pine groves mixed with oaks, 
lindens, maples, and birches. Along rivers and flood-prone areas, reeds, 
sedges, wild mulberry trees, and Italian poplars thrive. 
? Wildlife: Deforestation has affected the populations of various animal 
species, including deer, mountain antelope, goats, tigers, and leopards, 
which are now restricted to remote forests. However, wild pigeons, herons, 
cranes, and migratory waterfowl still grace the plains and rice fields. 
Notably, the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between North and South Korea has 
become a de facto nature preserve, featuring diverse ecosystems, 
North Korea, South Korea and Japan 
 
 
estuaries, wetlands, and a sanctuary for endangered bird species and 
Asiatic black bears. 
Conclusion: Unveiling North Korea's Richness 
North Korea is a nation brimming with natural wonders and historical significance. 
From its captivating landscapes, including mountains, valleys, and coastal plains, 
to its unique climate and diverse flora and fauna, the country offers a treasure 
trove of experiences. Immerse yourself in the mysteries of North Korea and 
discover the allure that lies within its borders. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North Korea, South Korea and Japan 
 
 
South Korea 
  
Map of South Korea 
Introduction 
South Korea, officially known as the Republic of Korea, is a country located in the 
eastern part of Asia. It is situated on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula, 
with North Korea as its northern neighbor. South Korea has a rich history, a 
vibrant culture, and a thriving economy. Understanding the geography and the 
map of South Korea is crucial for gaining insights into the country's physical 
features, regional divisions, major cities, and transportation networks.