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FAQs on Old NCERT Textbook (Bipan Chandra): Growth of New India - Religious and Social Reform After 1858 - Old & New NCERTs for IAS Preparation (Must Read) - UPSC

1. What were the major religious and social reform movements in India after 1858?
Ans. After 1858, India witnessed several religious and social reform movements. Some of the major ones include the Brahmo Samaj, the Arya Samaj, the Aligarh Movement, the Prarthana Samaj, and the Theosophical Society. These movements aimed to eradicate social evils, promote women's rights, abolish untouchability, and foster religious harmony.
2. How did the Brahmo Samaj contribute to religious and social reform in India?
Ans. The Brahmo Samaj, founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, played a significant role in religious and social reform in India. It advocated for monotheism, rejected idol worship, and promoted the idea of a universal religion. The Brahmo Samaj also worked towards women's education, widow remarriage, and the abolition of caste distinctions.
3. What were the objectives of the Arya Samaj?
Ans. The Arya Samaj, founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati, aimed to promote the principles of Vedic religion and revive the ancient Indian culture. Its objectives included the eradication of social evils like child marriage and untouchability, promotion of education, and empowering women. The Arya Samaj also emphasized the importance of Swadeshi and advocated for the use of Swadeshi goods.
4. How did the Aligarh Movement contribute to the growth of new India?
Ans. The Aligarh Movement, led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, focused on promoting modern education among Muslims in India. It aimed to uplift the community by encouraging English education, scientific temper, and western knowledge. The movement played a crucial role in creating a class of educated Muslims who actively participated in the freedom struggle and contributed to the growth of new India.
5. What was the significance of the Theosophical Society in religious and social reform after 1858?
Ans. The Theosophical Society, founded by Helena Blavatsky and Henry Olcott, aimed to promote spiritual and moral advancement. It advocated for the study of comparative religion, universal brotherhood, and the importance of karma and reincarnation. The society played a role in fostering religious tolerance, promoting the study of Eastern philosophies, and encouraging social reforms like women's rights and abolition of caste discrimination.
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