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FAQs on Old NCERT Textbook (RS Sharma): Advent of Aryans & Rig Vedic Period - History for UPSC CSE

1. Who were the Aryans and what was their significance during the Rig Vedic period?
Ans. The Aryans were a group of people who migrated to India from Central Asia during the 2nd millennium BCE. They were primarily pastoralists and were known for their advanced knowledge of horses and chariots. During the Rig Vedic period, they composed the Rig Veda, one of the oldest religious texts in the world. They also established a caste system, which became an integral part of the Indian society.
2. What were the major gods worshipped during the Rig Vedic period?
Ans. The major gods worshipped during the Rig Vedic period were Indra, Agni, Soma, Varuna, and Mitra. Indra was the god of war and thunder, Agni was the god of fire, and Soma was considered the god of the sacred drink made from a hallucinogenic plant. Varuna was the god of the sky and the ocean, and Mitra was the god of friendship and the covenant.
3. What was the social structure like during the Rig Vedic period?
Ans. The social structure during the Rig Vedic period was divided into four main castes: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras. The Brahmins were the priests and scholars, the Kshatriyas were the warriors and rulers, the Vaishyas were the merchants and traders, and the Shudras were the laborers and artisans. The caste system was based on birth, and it was difficult for people to move up or down the social ladder.
4. What were the major occupations during the Rig Vedic period?
Ans. The major occupations during the Rig Vedic period were agriculture, animal husbandry, and trade. The Aryans were primarily pastoralists and depended on their cattle for their livelihood. They also grew crops such as barley, rice, and wheat. Trade was also an important occupation, and the Aryans traded with other civilizations for goods such as copper, tin, and precious stones.
5. What was the significance of the Rig Veda during the Rig Vedic period?
Ans. The Rig Veda was one of the oldest religious texts in the world and was composed by the Aryans during the Rig Vedic period. It consisted of hymns and prayers to various gods and goddesses and provided insight into the religious beliefs and practices of the Aryans. The Rig Veda was also important for its literary value and was considered a masterpiece of Sanskrit poetry and language.
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