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FAQs on Old NCERT Textbook (RS Sharma): The Harappan Civilization - History for UPSC CSE

1. What is the Harappan Civilization?
Ans. The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was an ancient civilization that flourished in the northwestern regions of South Asia from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. It was one of the earliest civilizations in the world and was spread across the modern-day regions of India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
2. What are the major characteristics of the Harappan Civilization?
Ans. The major characteristics of the Harappan Civilization include: - Well-planned cities with a grid-like street system - Advanced drainage and wastewater management systems - Use of standardized weights and measures - Skilled craftsmanship in pottery, metallurgy, and textile production - Sophisticated writing system yet to be deciphered - Agricultural practices that involved the use of irrigation and ploughs.
3. What led to the decline of the Harappan Civilization?
Ans. The decline of the Harappan Civilization is still a matter of debate among historians and archaeologists. However, some of the possible factors that led to the decline include: - Climate change and natural disasters - Overexploitation of natural resources - Invasion by the Aryans or other nomadic groups - Internal conflicts and social unrest.
4. What is the significance of the Harappan Civilization?
Ans. The Harappan Civilization is significant because it was one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world. It was characterized by its well-planned cities, advanced technology, and sophisticated trade networks. The civilization's architectural and engineering achievements continue to impress scholars and inspire modern urban planning practices.
5. What is the current status of Harappan Civilization research?
Ans. Harappan Civilization research is an ongoing process, and new discoveries and interpretations continue to emerge. Recent studies have focused on the civilization's writing system and language, trade networks, and social organization. The use of advanced technology, such as satellite imagery and DNA analysis, has also shed new light on the civilization's history and culture.
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