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Overview: Indus Valley Civilization Video Lecture | History for UPSC CSE
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| 1. What is the Indus Valley Civilization? |  |
Ans. The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the world's earliest urban civilizations that flourished in the Indus River Valley in present-day Pakistan and northwest India. It existed from approximately 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE and had well-planned cities, advanced drainage systems, and a sophisticated trade network.
| 2. What were the major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization? | |
Ans. The major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization were Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. Harappa was located in present-day Pakistan, while Mohenjo-daro was situated in present-day Pakistan's Sindh province. These cities were meticulously planned and had advanced urban infrastructures, including well-organized streets, public buildings, and a complex water supply and drainage system.
| 3. What were the main economic activities of the Indus Valley Civilization? | |
Ans. The main economic activities of the Indus Valley Civilization were agriculture, trade, and craftsmanship. The people of this civilization were skilled in farming and grew crops such as wheat, barley, and cotton. They also engaged in trade, both within the civilization and with other regions, as evidenced by the discovery of seals and artifacts from Mesopotamia and other distant areas. Additionally, the civilization had skilled artisans who produced pottery, jewelry, and intricate crafts.
| 4. What is the significance of the Indus script? | |
Ans. The Indus script refers to a writing system used by the Indus Valley Civilization. However, its true decipherment remains a challenge, and its exact purpose and content are still unknown. Scholars speculate that the script might have been used for administrative purposes, record-keeping, or religious texts. Its decipherment would provide valuable insights into the civilization's language, culture, and social structure.
| 5. What caused the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization? | |
Ans. The decline of the Indus Valley Civilization is still a subject of debate among historians and archaeologists. Several factors have been proposed, including environmental changes, such as a shift in the course of the river, leading to issues with irrigation and agricultural productivity. Other factors could have included natural disasters, climate change, or the arrival of new groups or invaders. The exact reasons behind the decline of this once-thriving civilization remain uncertain.
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