PIB Summary- 11th March, 2025 | PIB (Press Information Bureau) Summary - UPSC PDF Download

HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE SURVEY 2023-24

Context

The National Statistics Office (NSO) conducts surveys on household consumption expenditure at regular intervals under the Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI).

Introduction

• The latest survey (HCES: 2023-24) was conducted from August 2023 to July 2024, with findings published in January 2025.

Data Collection and Accuracy Measures

• The survey uses Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) and web-based applications for data collection.
• Built-in validation mechanisms help ensure accuracy by flagging implausible or inconsistent responses.
• Multi-level data scrutiny and validation checks minimize errors and improve efficiency.

Categories of Data Collected
Information was collected on 405 items of food and non-food consumption.

Survey Coverage and Sampling Methodology

• Conducted across all States/UTs, except inaccessible villages of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
• Villages are first-stage units in rural areas, while urban blocks are used for urban areas.
• Households are selected randomly using statistical methodology (SRSWOR).

Household Stratification

• In rural areas, households are categorized based on land possession.
• In urban areas, households are classified based on ownership of four-wheelers:
  • High-income group: Households with cars worth more than ₹10 lakh.
  • Middle-income group: Households with cars worth ₹10 lakh or less.
  • General category: Remaining households.

Conclusion
This survey ensures comprehensive data collection to understand spending patterns across different sections of society.

Lok Sabha Passes Bills of Lading Bill, 2025, Modernizing 169-Year-Old Colonial Shipping Law

Context

The Lok Sabha has passed the Bills of Lading Bill, 2025, modernizing India’s shipping laws by replacing the colonial-era 1856 Act.

Comparison of Bills of Lading Act, 1856 vs. Bills of Lading Act, 2025