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New high-performance gas sensor can monitor low level nitrogen oxides pollution

Context

Researchers have developed a groundbreaking gas sensor using mixed spinel zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanostructures, capable of detecting nitrogen oxides (NOx) at ultra-low concentrations (ppb levels) and room temperature.

This advancement addresses key challenges in gas sensing, offering a more precise and affordable solution for air quality monitoring.

About New Invention:

• Scientists at the Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS) developed a new gas sensor using zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanostructures.
• This sensor can detect nitrogen oxides (NOx) at very low concentrations (parts-per-billion) even at room temperature.
• It addresses the limitations of existing gas sensors, which often need high temperatures to work and lack selectivity.
• The new sensor is highly sensitive, selective, and responds quickly, with excellent durability for over 3 months.
• It was tested on vehicle exhaust samples, successfully detecting trace NOx levels.
• The sensor’s low energy demand reduces operating costs, making it more affordable for monitoring air pollution.
• The findings were supported by computational studies, confirming the improved ability to detect NOx using this novel nanostructure.

Nitrogen Oxides Pollution

• Emissions from vehicles (cars, trucks, buses) due to fuel combustion.
• Industrial processes, especially from power plants and factories burning fossil fuels.
• Agricultural activities, including the use of fertilisers and burning of biomass.
• Emissions from residential heating systems and stoves.
• Natural sources like wildfires and lightning strikes, though in smaller amounts.

Impact of NOx Pollution:

• Contributes to the formation of ground-level ozone (smog), which affects respiratory health.Leads to acid rain, damaging crops, forests, and aquatic ecosystems.
• Causes respiratory issues like asthma, bronchitis, and decreased lung function.
• Reacts in the atmosphere to form fine particulate matter, worsening air quality.
• NOx pollution accelerates climate change by contributing to greenhouse gas formation.
• Harms infrastructure by corroding buildings, monuments, and materials due to acidic reactions.