PPT: Activities & Sectors of Economy | Geography for UPSC CSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Activities & 
Sectors of the 
Indian 
Economy
Page 2


Activities & 
Sectors of the 
Indian 
Economy
Introduction to Economic Sectors
Primary Sector
Extraction and production 
of natural resources and 
raw materials
Secondary Sector
Manufacturing and 
processing raw materials 
into finished goods
Tertiary Sector
Services that support 
economic activities and 
fulfill consumer needs
These sectors represent different types of economic activities based on the nature of work and 
resources used, collectively forming the backbone of the Indian economy.
Page 3


Activities & 
Sectors of the 
Indian 
Economy
Introduction to Economic Sectors
Primary Sector
Extraction and production 
of natural resources and 
raw materials
Secondary Sector
Manufacturing and 
processing raw materials 
into finished goods
Tertiary Sector
Services that support 
economic activities and 
fulfill consumer needs
These sectors represent different types of economic activities based on the nature of work and 
resources used, collectively forming the backbone of the Indian economy.
What Are Economic Activities?
Economic activities are human efforts that contribute to the creation of goods and services to 
satisfy human needs and wants. They involve:
P r o d u cti o n: Creating goods or providing services
D i s t r i b u ti o n: Moving goods from producers to consumers
C o n s u m p t i o n: Using goods and services to satisfy needs
These activities collectively contribute to India's GDP and provide employment across various 
sectors of the economy
Page 4


Activities & 
Sectors of the 
Indian 
Economy
Introduction to Economic Sectors
Primary Sector
Extraction and production 
of natural resources and 
raw materials
Secondary Sector
Manufacturing and 
processing raw materials 
into finished goods
Tertiary Sector
Services that support 
economic activities and 
fulfill consumer needs
These sectors represent different types of economic activities based on the nature of work and 
resources used, collectively forming the backbone of the Indian economy.
What Are Economic Activities?
Economic activities are human efforts that contribute to the creation of goods and services to 
satisfy human needs and wants. They involve:
P r o d u cti o n: Creating goods or providing services
D i s t r i b u ti o n: Moving goods from producers to consumers
C o n s u m p t i o n: Using goods and services to satisfy needs
These activities collectively contribute to India's GDP and provide employment across various 
sectors of the economy
Primary Sector: Foundation of Indian 
Economy
45-50%
Workforce
Nearly half of India's 
workforce is engaged in 
primary sector activities
16-18%
GDP Contribution
Share of primary sector in 
India's GDP (2025 data)
1st
Milk Production
India ranks first globally in 
milk production
The primary sector involves extraction and harvesting of natural resources including 
agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and dairy farming.
Major challenges include high dependence on monsoon rains, low productivity compared to 
global standards, and fragmented landholdings limiting economies of scale.
Page 5


Activities & 
Sectors of the 
Indian 
Economy
Introduction to Economic Sectors
Primary Sector
Extraction and production 
of natural resources and 
raw materials
Secondary Sector
Manufacturing and 
processing raw materials 
into finished goods
Tertiary Sector
Services that support 
economic activities and 
fulfill consumer needs
These sectors represent different types of economic activities based on the nature of work and 
resources used, collectively forming the backbone of the Indian economy.
What Are Economic Activities?
Economic activities are human efforts that contribute to the creation of goods and services to 
satisfy human needs and wants. They involve:
P r o d u cti o n: Creating goods or providing services
D i s t r i b u ti o n: Moving goods from producers to consumers
C o n s u m p t i o n: Using goods and services to satisfy needs
These activities collectively contribute to India's GDP and provide employment across various 
sectors of the economy
Primary Sector: Foundation of Indian 
Economy
45-50%
Workforce
Nearly half of India's 
workforce is engaged in 
primary sector activities
16-18%
GDP Contribution
Share of primary sector in 
India's GDP (2025 data)
1st
Milk Production
India ranks first globally in 
milk production
The primary sector involves extraction and harvesting of natural resources including 
agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and dairy farming.
Major challenges include high dependence on monsoon rains, low productivity compared to 
global standards, and fragmented landholdings limiting economies of scale.
Primary Sector: Key 
Features & Importance
Raw Material Source: Provides essential inputs for 
manufacturing industries
Rural Livelihood: Sustains majority of rural 
households
Food Security: Ensures domestic food production 
and availability
Export Potential: Agricultural products contribute 
significantly to exports
Emerging Focus Areas: Blue Economy 
(sustainable use of ocean resources), organic 
farming, and climate-resilient agriculture 
practices
Government Support: PM-KISAN (income support), 
Soil Health Card (soil testing), National Fisheries 
Policy (sustainable fishing)