PPT: Environmental Pollution | Famous Books for UPSC Exam (Summary & Tests) PDF Download

 Page 1


Environmental 
Pollution
Page 2


Environmental 
Pollution
Understanding Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution is a critical topic for aspirants, requiring both conceptual clarity 
and application knowledge. This presentation provides:
Clear definitions and classifications
Comprehensive coverage of pollution types
Examination-relevant causes and effects
Government initiatives and legal frameworks
Case studies and contemporary examples
Page 3


Environmental 
Pollution
Understanding Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution is a critical topic for aspirants, requiring both conceptual clarity 
and application knowledge. This presentation provides:
Clear definitions and classifications
Comprehensive coverage of pollution types
Examination-relevant causes and effects
Government initiatives and legal frameworks
Case studies and contemporary examples
What is Environmental 
Pollution?
Definition
Introduction of harmful 
substances into air, water, 
soil, or environment 
causing adverse effects 
on natural systems and 
living organisms
Contamination 
Process
Disrupts physical and 
biological components of 
ecosystems, interfering 
with natural processes 
and cycles
Pollutants
Substances causing 
pollution, can be natural 
(volcanic ash, wildfires) or 
human-made (industrial 
waste, vehicular 
emissions)
Page 4


Environmental 
Pollution
Understanding Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution is a critical topic for aspirants, requiring both conceptual clarity 
and application knowledge. This presentation provides:
Clear definitions and classifications
Comprehensive coverage of pollution types
Examination-relevant causes and effects
Government initiatives and legal frameworks
Case studies and contemporary examples
What is Environmental 
Pollution?
Definition
Introduction of harmful 
substances into air, water, 
soil, or environment 
causing adverse effects 
on natural systems and 
living organisms
Contamination 
Process
Disrupts physical and 
biological components of 
ecosystems, interfering 
with natural processes 
and cycles
Pollutants
Substances causing 
pollution, can be natural 
(volcanic ash, wildfires) or 
human-made (industrial 
waste, vehicular 
emissions)
Types of Pollutants
Based on Nature of Disposal
Non-biodegradable: Persist in environment for 
years (plastics, DDT, heavy metals like mercury and 
lead)
Biodegradable: Decomposed by natural processes 
(sewage, agricultural waste, paper, animal dung)
Based on Persistence
Primary pollutants: Emitted directly from sources 
(smoke, SO¢, NO³)
Secondary pollutants: Formed through chemical 
reactions in atmosphere (ozone, PAN)
Based on Nature
Quantitative pollutants: Naturally occurring 
substances that become harmful when present in 
excess quantities (CO¢, nitrogen compounds)
Qualitative pollutants: Artificial substances not 
naturally found in environment (pesticides, synthetic 
chemicals)
Page 5


Environmental 
Pollution
Understanding Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution is a critical topic for aspirants, requiring both conceptual clarity 
and application knowledge. This presentation provides:
Clear definitions and classifications
Comprehensive coverage of pollution types
Examination-relevant causes and effects
Government initiatives and legal frameworks
Case studies and contemporary examples
What is Environmental 
Pollution?
Definition
Introduction of harmful 
substances into air, water, 
soil, or environment 
causing adverse effects 
on natural systems and 
living organisms
Contamination 
Process
Disrupts physical and 
biological components of 
ecosystems, interfering 
with natural processes 
and cycles
Pollutants
Substances causing 
pollution, can be natural 
(volcanic ash, wildfires) or 
human-made (industrial 
waste, vehicular 
emissions)
Types of Pollutants
Based on Nature of Disposal
Non-biodegradable: Persist in environment for 
years (plastics, DDT, heavy metals like mercury and 
lead)
Biodegradable: Decomposed by natural processes 
(sewage, agricultural waste, paper, animal dung)
Based on Persistence
Primary pollutants: Emitted directly from sources 
(smoke, SO¢, NO³)
Secondary pollutants: Formed through chemical 
reactions in atmosphere (ozone, PAN)
Based on Nature
Quantitative pollutants: Naturally occurring 
substances that become harmful when present in 
excess quantities (CO¢, nitrogen compounds)
Qualitative pollutants: Artificial substances not 
naturally found in environment (pesticides, synthetic 
chemicals)
Types of Pollutants 
and Their Sources
Non-
biodegradable 
Pollutants
Plastics: packaging, single-
use items
Heavy metals: industrial 
processes, mining
Synthetic chemicals: 
manufacturing, electronics
Biodegradable 
Pollutants
Sewage: household waste, 
human excreta
Agricultural waste: crop 
residues, animal manure
Food waste: household and 
commercial sources