PPT: Governance | Indian Polity for UPSC CSE PDF Download

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Governa nce
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Governa nce
Understanding Governance 3 The 
Basics
Governance is the exercise of authority and power by 
political leaders and institutions to manage public affairs 
and resources for citizens' welfare.
It involves the interaction of three key sectors:
Public (government institutions)
Private (businesses and corporations)
Civil Society (NGOs, citizen groups)
Principles of Good Governance
Transparency in decision-making
Accountability to citizens
Responsiveness to public needs
Equity and inclusiveness
Rule of law and justice
Page 3


Governa nce
Understanding Governance 3 The 
Basics
Governance is the exercise of authority and power by 
political leaders and institutions to manage public affairs 
and resources for citizens' welfare.
It involves the interaction of three key sectors:
Public (government institutions)
Private (businesses and corporations)
Civil Society (NGOs, citizen groups)
Principles of Good Governance
Transparency in decision-making
Accountability to citizens
Responsiveness to public needs
Equity and inclusiveness
Rule of law and justice
Constitutional Framework of 
Governance
The Constitution 
as Supreme
The Indian Constitution is 
the foundational legal 
document that defines our 
governance structure and 
establishes the rules, 
rights, and responsibilities 
of the state and citizens.
Separation of 
Powers
Legislature: Makes 
laws (Parliament and 
State Assemblies)
Executive: Implements 
policies (Government, 
bureaucracy)
Judiciary: Interprets 
laws and delivers 
justice (Courts)
Federal Structure
Division of powers 
between Union and States 
through:
Union List (100 
subjects)
State List (61 subjects)
Concurrent List (52 
subjects)
Key constitutional provisions: Article 14 (Equality), Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies), 
Article 368 (Amendment procedure)
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Governa nce
Understanding Governance 3 The 
Basics
Governance is the exercise of authority and power by 
political leaders and institutions to manage public affairs 
and resources for citizens' welfare.
It involves the interaction of three key sectors:
Public (government institutions)
Private (businesses and corporations)
Civil Society (NGOs, citizen groups)
Principles of Good Governance
Transparency in decision-making
Accountability to citizens
Responsiveness to public needs
Equity and inclusiveness
Rule of law and justice
Constitutional Framework of 
Governance
The Constitution 
as Supreme
The Indian Constitution is 
the foundational legal 
document that defines our 
governance structure and 
establishes the rules, 
rights, and responsibilities 
of the state and citizens.
Separation of 
Powers
Legislature: Makes 
laws (Parliament and 
State Assemblies)
Executive: Implements 
policies (Government, 
bureaucracy)
Judiciary: Interprets 
laws and delivers 
justice (Courts)
Federal Structure
Division of powers 
between Union and States 
through:
Union List (100 
subjects)
State List (61 subjects)
Concurrent List (52 
subjects)
Key constitutional provisions: Article 14 (Equality), Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies), 
Article 368 (Amendment procedure)
Key Constitutional Bodies in 
Governance
1
Election Commission of India
Established under Article 324
Conducts free and fair elections
Maintains electoral rolls
Recognizes political parties
Enforces Model Code of Conduct
2
Comptroller and Auditor 
General
Established under Article 148
Audits government accounts
Ensures financial propriety
Reports to Parliament/Legislatures
3
Union Public Service 
Commission
Established under Article 315
Recruits for All India Services
Advises on service matters
Ensures merit-based selection
4
Finance Commission
Established under Article 280
Recommends tax sharing formula
Distributes resources between Center-
States
Appointed every five years
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Governa nce
Understanding Governance 3 The 
Basics
Governance is the exercise of authority and power by 
political leaders and institutions to manage public affairs 
and resources for citizens' welfare.
It involves the interaction of three key sectors:
Public (government institutions)
Private (businesses and corporations)
Civil Society (NGOs, citizen groups)
Principles of Good Governance
Transparency in decision-making
Accountability to citizens
Responsiveness to public needs
Equity and inclusiveness
Rule of law and justice
Constitutional Framework of 
Governance
The Constitution 
as Supreme
The Indian Constitution is 
the foundational legal 
document that defines our 
governance structure and 
establishes the rules, 
rights, and responsibilities 
of the state and citizens.
Separation of 
Powers
Legislature: Makes 
laws (Parliament and 
State Assemblies)
Executive: Implements 
policies (Government, 
bureaucracy)
Judiciary: Interprets 
laws and delivers 
justice (Courts)
Federal Structure
Division of powers 
between Union and States 
through:
Union List (100 
subjects)
State List (61 subjects)
Concurrent List (52 
subjects)
Key constitutional provisions: Article 14 (Equality), Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies), 
Article 368 (Amendment procedure)
Key Constitutional Bodies in 
Governance
1
Election Commission of India
Established under Article 324
Conducts free and fair elections
Maintains electoral rolls
Recognizes political parties
Enforces Model Code of Conduct
2
Comptroller and Auditor 
General
Established under Article 148
Audits government accounts
Ensures financial propriety
Reports to Parliament/Legislatures
3
Union Public Service 
Commission
Established under Article 315
Recruits for All India Services
Advises on service matters
Ensures merit-based selection
4
Finance Commission
Established under Article 280
Recommends tax sharing formula
Distributes resources between Center-
States
Appointed every five years
Transparency and Accountability 
Mechanisms
Right to Information Act, 2005
Empowers citizens to seek information 
from public authorities
30-day response requirement
Information Commissions at Center and 
States
Exemptions for national security and 
privacy
Citizen's Charter
Defines service standards and timelines
Establishes grievance redressal 
mechanisms
Makes service providers accountable
Lokpal and Lokayuktas
Anti-corruption ombudsman bodies
Investigates complaints against public 
officials
Lokpal at Central level; Lokayuktas in 
States
Powers to prosecute corrupt officials
Social Audit
Community-based monitoring of public 
schemes
Ensures funds are properly utilized
Mandatory for MGNREGA and other 
schemes
Promotes grassroots accountability