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Haloalkanes and Haloarenes PPT Chemistry Class 12

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FAQs on Haloalkanes and Haloarenes PPT Chemistry Class 12

1. What are haloalkanes and haloarenes?
Ans. Haloalkanes and haloarenes are organic compounds that contain halogen atoms (such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine) attached to carbon atoms in their chemical structure. Haloalkanes have halogen atoms attached to sp3 hybridized carbon atoms, while haloarenes have halogen atoms attached to sp2 hybridized carbon atoms in an aromatic ring structure.
2. What are the common uses of haloalkanes and haloarenes?
Ans. Haloalkanes and haloarenes have various applications in industries and laboratories. Some common uses include: - Haloalkanes are used as solvents in industrial processes, such as dry cleaning and degreasing. - Haloarenes, such as chlorobenzene, are used as intermediates in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. - Certain haloalkanes, like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), were previously used as refrigerants and propellants in aerosol sprays. However, their use has been phased out due to their harmful effects on the ozone layer.
3. How are haloalkanes and haloarenes named?
Ans. The naming of haloalkanes and haloarenes follows the rules of organic nomenclature. The halogen atom is treated as a substituent and is indicated by a prefix (fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, or iodo-) before the parent alkane or arene name. The carbon chain or aromatic ring is numbered to give the halogen atom the lowest possible locant.
4. What are the physical properties of haloalkanes and haloarenes?
Ans. The physical properties of haloalkanes and haloarenes are influenced by the presence of halogen atoms in their structures. Some key characteristics include: - Higher boiling points compared to their corresponding hydrocarbons due to the increased molecular weight and polarizability. - Lower melting points compared to their corresponding hydrocarbons due to weaker intermolecular forces. - Poor water solubility, as halogen atoms are relatively electronegative and form weak hydrogen bonds with water molecules. - Higher density compared to water, making them immiscible and forming a separate layer when mixed.
5. What are the environmental concerns associated with haloalkanes and haloarenes?
Ans. Haloalkanes and haloarenes, particularly those containing chlorine or bromine, have been linked to environmental issues. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), once widely used as refrigerants and propellants, have been found to deplete the ozone layer. Certain haloarenes, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), have been classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) due to their resistance to degradation and potential toxicity. These compounds can bioaccumulate in the environment and pose risks to ecosystems and human health.
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