PPT: Health Issues, Diseases and Medicine | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE PDF Download

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Health Issues, Diseases 
and Medicine
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Health Issues, Diseases 
and Medicine
Understanding Health and Disease
Health is complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just 
absence of disease.
Disease Definition
Disturbed body function caused by infection, heredity, environment, or 
lifestyle.
Disease Types
" Infectious vs Non-infectious
" Acute vs Chronic
" Communicable vs Non-communicable
Page 3


Health Issues, Diseases 
and Medicine
Understanding Health and Disease
Health is complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just 
absence of disease.
Disease Definition
Disturbed body function caused by infection, heredity, environment, or 
lifestyle.
Disease Types
" Infectious vs Non-infectious
" Acute vs Chronic
" Communicable vs Non-communicable
Causes and Agents of Diseases
Biological Agents
Viruses (HIV, Hepatitis), Bacteria 
(Cholera, Tuberculosis), Fungi, 
Protozoa, Helminths
Nutritional 
Deficiencies
Vitamins (Scurvy, Beriberi), Minerals 
(Anemia, Rickets)
Chemical Agents
Pollutants, allergens, metabolic 
imbalances (Diabetes)
Physical & Mechanical
Radiation, injuries, extreme 
temperatures
Genetic Factors
Mutations causing disorders like 
hemophilia, color blindness
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Health Issues, Diseases 
and Medicine
Understanding Health and Disease
Health is complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just 
absence of disease.
Disease Definition
Disturbed body function caused by infection, heredity, environment, or 
lifestyle.
Disease Types
" Infectious vs Non-infectious
" Acute vs Chronic
" Communicable vs Non-communicable
Causes and Agents of Diseases
Biological Agents
Viruses (HIV, Hepatitis), Bacteria 
(Cholera, Tuberculosis), Fungi, 
Protozoa, Helminths
Nutritional 
Deficiencies
Vitamins (Scurvy, Beriberi), Minerals 
(Anemia, Rickets)
Chemical Agents
Pollutants, allergens, metabolic 
imbalances (Diabetes)
Physical & Mechanical
Radiation, injuries, extreme 
temperatures
Genetic Factors
Mutations causing disorders like 
hemophilia, color blindness
Major Infectious Diseases
Tuberculosis
Caused by Mycobacterium 
tuberculosis; India has 
highest burden
HIV/AIDS
Attacks immune system; 
major global challenge
Viral Hepatitis
Types A to E; affects liver; 
B & C cause chronic 
disease
Vector-borne
Malaria, Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya 
transmitted by mosquitoes
Emerging Infections
COVID-19, Nipah virus, Ebola highlight 
preparedness needs
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Health Issues, Diseases 
and Medicine
Understanding Health and Disease
Health is complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just 
absence of disease.
Disease Definition
Disturbed body function caused by infection, heredity, environment, or 
lifestyle.
Disease Types
" Infectious vs Non-infectious
" Acute vs Chronic
" Communicable vs Non-communicable
Causes and Agents of Diseases
Biological Agents
Viruses (HIV, Hepatitis), Bacteria 
(Cholera, Tuberculosis), Fungi, 
Protozoa, Helminths
Nutritional 
Deficiencies
Vitamins (Scurvy, Beriberi), Minerals 
(Anemia, Rickets)
Chemical Agents
Pollutants, allergens, metabolic 
imbalances (Diabetes)
Physical & Mechanical
Radiation, injuries, extreme 
temperatures
Genetic Factors
Mutations causing disorders like 
hemophilia, color blindness
Major Infectious Diseases
Tuberculosis
Caused by Mycobacterium 
tuberculosis; India has 
highest burden
HIV/AIDS
Attacks immune system; 
major global challenge
Viral Hepatitis
Types A to E; affects liver; 
B & C cause chronic 
disease
Vector-borne
Malaria, Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya 
transmitted by mosquitoes
Emerging Infections
COVID-19, Nipah virus, Ebola highlight 
preparedness needs
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs): The Rising Threat
NCDs include cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes.
Account for 74% of global deaths; India faces a double burden of infectious diseases and NCDs.
Key Risk Factors
Tobacco use Unhealthy diet
Physical inactivity Excessive alcohol
Gender disparity: Higher NCD prevalence among women in India
Economic impact: Projected cost of NCDs in India ¹280 lakh crore by 2030