PPT: Internal Security Challenges | UPSC Mains: Internal Security & Disaster Management PDF Download

 Page 1


Internal 
Security 
Challenges in 
India
Page 2


Internal 
Security 
Challenges in 
India
Understanding Internal Security
Internal security refers to the protection of a nation from threats that emerge within its own borders, 
ensuring peace, law and order, and the unity and integrity of the country.
It forms the foundation upon which economic growth, social development, and national progress depend. 
Without internal security, no nation can achieve its development goals or provide safety to its citizens.
Page 3


Internal 
Security 
Challenges in 
India
Understanding Internal Security
Internal security refers to the protection of a nation from threats that emerge within its own borders, 
ensuring peace, law and order, and the unity and integrity of the country.
It forms the foundation upon which economic growth, social development, and national progress depend. 
Without internal security, no nation can achieve its development goals or provide safety to its citizens.
What Constitutes Internal 
Security Challenges?
Violent Threats
Terrorism, insurgency, extremism, and 
communal violence that directly threaten lives 
and property
Sociopolitical Issues
Separatist movements, ethnic tensions, and 
regional conflicts challenging national unity
Criminal Activities
Organized crime, drug trafficking, human 
trafficking, and cybercrime undermining law 
and order
Border-Related Issues
Infiltration, smuggling, and illegal immigration 
creating security vulnerabilities
Page 4


Internal 
Security 
Challenges in 
India
Understanding Internal Security
Internal security refers to the protection of a nation from threats that emerge within its own borders, 
ensuring peace, law and order, and the unity and integrity of the country.
It forms the foundation upon which economic growth, social development, and national progress depend. 
Without internal security, no nation can achieve its development goals or provide safety to its citizens.
What Constitutes Internal 
Security Challenges?
Violent Threats
Terrorism, insurgency, extremism, and 
communal violence that directly threaten lives 
and property
Sociopolitical Issues
Separatist movements, ethnic tensions, and 
regional conflicts challenging national unity
Criminal Activities
Organized crime, drug trafficking, human 
trafficking, and cybercrime undermining law 
and order
Border-Related Issues
Infiltration, smuggling, and illegal immigration 
creating security vulnerabilities
Terrorism 3 The Most 
Pressing Threat
The 26/11 Mumbai 
Attacks (2008)
166 people killed in coordinated 
attacks across Mumbai
Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) involvement 
with Pakistani support
Targeted hotels, railway station, and 
other public places
Impact and 
Implications
Revealed vulnerabilities in India's 
coastal security
Led to major security apparatus 
restructuring
Damaged India-Pakistan relations 
further
Caused economic losses estimated at 
over $1.5 billion
Page 5


Internal 
Security 
Challenges in 
India
Understanding Internal Security
Internal security refers to the protection of a nation from threats that emerge within its own borders, 
ensuring peace, law and order, and the unity and integrity of the country.
It forms the foundation upon which economic growth, social development, and national progress depend. 
Without internal security, no nation can achieve its development goals or provide safety to its citizens.
What Constitutes Internal 
Security Challenges?
Violent Threats
Terrorism, insurgency, extremism, and 
communal violence that directly threaten lives 
and property
Sociopolitical Issues
Separatist movements, ethnic tensions, and 
regional conflicts challenging national unity
Criminal Activities
Organized crime, drug trafficking, human 
trafficking, and cybercrime undermining law 
and order
Border-Related Issues
Infiltration, smuggling, and illegal immigration 
creating security vulnerabilities
Terrorism 3 The Most 
Pressing Threat
The 26/11 Mumbai 
Attacks (2008)
166 people killed in coordinated 
attacks across Mumbai
Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) involvement 
with Pakistani support
Targeted hotels, railway station, and 
other public places
Impact and 
Implications
Revealed vulnerabilities in India's 
coastal security
Led to major security apparatus 
restructuring
Damaged India-Pakistan relations 
further
Caused economic losses estimated at 
over $1.5 billion
Terrorism: Types and Trends
1
Left-Wing 
Extremism 
(Naxalism)
Maoist insurgency affecting central 
and eastern Indian states, primarily 
Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and 
Odisha. Rooted in socio-economic 
grievances and lack of 
development.
Example: 2013 Darbha Valley attack 
killing 27 people, including 
Congress leaders.
2
Religious and 
Communal 
Terrorism
Violence stemming from religious 
extremism and communal tensions. 
Groups like Indian Mujahideen have 
carried out bombings in major 
cities.
Example: 2007 Samjhauta Express 
bombing killing 68 people.
3
Cyber Terrorism
Emerging threat targeting critical 
infrastructure, government 
networks, and financial systems. 
Growing concern as India's digital 
footprint expands.
Example: 2020 Mumbai power grid 
attack allegedly by Chinese state-
backed hackers.