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 Page 1


OCEANOGRAPHY
Page 2


OCEANOGRAPHY
Major and Minor 
Ocean Relief 
Features
Page 3


OCEANOGRAPHY
Major and Minor 
Ocean Relief 
Features
• Ocean relief is 
largely due 
to tectonic, 
volcanic, 
erosional and 
depositional 
processes and 
their interactions.
• Ocean relief features 
are divided into 
major and minor 
relief features.
Ocean 
Relief
Major 
Relief
Minor 
Relief
Page 4


OCEANOGRAPHY
Major and Minor 
Ocean Relief 
Features
• Ocean relief is 
largely due 
to tectonic, 
volcanic, 
erosional and 
depositional 
processes and 
their interactions.
• Ocean relief features 
are divided into 
major and minor 
relief features.
Ocean 
Relief
Major 
Relief
Minor 
Relief
Major Ocean Relief Features
Four major divisions in the ocean relief are:
1. the continental shelf,
2. the continental slope,
3. the continental rise,
4. the Deep Sea Plain or the abyssal 
plain.
Page 5


OCEANOGRAPHY
Major and Minor 
Ocean Relief 
Features
• Ocean relief is 
largely due 
to tectonic, 
volcanic, 
erosional and 
depositional 
processes and 
their interactions.
• Ocean relief features 
are divided into 
major and minor 
relief features.
Ocean 
Relief
Major 
Relief
Minor 
Relief
Major Ocean Relief Features
Four major divisions in the ocean relief are:
1. the continental shelf,
2. the continental slope,
3. the continental rise,
4. the Deep Sea Plain or the abyssal 
plain.
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FAQs on PPT: Ocean Relief - Geography for UPSC CSE

1. What is ocean relief?
Ocean relief refers to the variations in the elevation and shape of the ocean floor, including features such as mountains, valleys, ridges, and trenches. It is the topography of the seabed, similar to how the land has mountains and valleys. This relief is caused by various geological processes, including tectonic activity and erosion.
2. How does ocean relief affect marine life?
Ocean relief plays a crucial role in determining the distribution and abundance of marine life. Submarine mountains and ridges can create upwelling zones, where nutrient-rich waters are brought to the surface, supporting the growth of phytoplankton and subsequently impacting the entire food chain. Additionally, underwater canyons and trenches can act as migration corridors or provide shelter for various species.
3. What are some prominent features of ocean relief?
Some prominent features of ocean relief include mid-ocean ridges, oceanic trenches, seamounts, and abyssal plains. Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain ranges formed by tectonic activity, while oceanic trenches are deep, elongated depressions where tectonic plates converge. Seamounts are submerged volcanic mountains, and abyssal plains are flat areas of the ocean floor.
4. How is ocean relief studied?
Ocean relief is studied using various techniques, including bathymetry, sonar, and satellite imagery. Bathymetry involves measuring the depth of the ocean using echo sounders or multibeam sonar systems. These instruments send sound waves to the seabed and measure the time it takes for the echo to return, creating detailed maps of the ocean floor. Satellites equipped with altimeters can also measure the height of the sea surface, providing information about underwater topography.
5. What are the potential applications of studying ocean relief?
Studying ocean relief has several important applications. It helps in understanding plate tectonics and the geological processes shaping our planet. Ocean relief maps are crucial for navigation and safe passage of ships. They are also valuable for resource exploration, such as identifying areas with potential mineral deposits or hydrocarbon reserves. Additionally, understanding ocean relief aids in predicting and mitigating the impact of natural hazards like tsunamis and underwater earthquakes.
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