PPT: Percentages | CSAT Preparation - UPSC PDF Download

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P e r c e n t a g e s
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P e r c e n t a g e s
Introduction to Percentages
Basic Concept
Percentages are a mathematical 
concept showing how much 
something is out of 100. They are 
used extensively in finance, statistics, 
and daily life situations.
Practical Uses
Understanding percentages helps 
people compare amounts, calculate 
discounts, find profits, and analyze 
information more effectively.
Page 3


P e r c e n t a g e s
Introduction to Percentages
Basic Concept
Percentages are a mathematical 
concept showing how much 
something is out of 100. They are 
used extensively in finance, statistics, 
and daily life situations.
Practical Uses
Understanding percentages helps 
people compare amounts, calculate 
discounts, find profits, and analyze 
information more effectively.
Basic Concepts of Percentages
1
Percent
A way to measure something as a part of a total, where 1% means one part out of 100. For example, 
1% is equivalent to 1 out of 100.
2
Whole
The full amount or total that the percentage refers to. For instance, the total number of students in 
a class represents the whole.
3
Part
The specific portion of the whole that the percentage describes. For example, the number of 
students who received A grades in the class.
To determine the percentage, divide the part by the whole and then 
multiply by 100: 
(Part/Whole) × 100
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P e r c e n t a g e s
Introduction to Percentages
Basic Concept
Percentages are a mathematical 
concept showing how much 
something is out of 100. They are 
used extensively in finance, statistics, 
and daily life situations.
Practical Uses
Understanding percentages helps 
people compare amounts, calculate 
discounts, find profits, and analyze 
information more effectively.
Basic Concepts of Percentages
1
Percent
A way to measure something as a part of a total, where 1% means one part out of 100. For example, 
1% is equivalent to 1 out of 100.
2
Whole
The full amount or total that the percentage refers to. For instance, the total number of students in 
a class represents the whole.
3
Part
The specific portion of the whole that the percentage describes. For example, the number of 
students who received A grades in the class.
To determine the percentage, divide the part by the whole and then 
multiply by 100: 
(Part/Whole) × 100
Percentage Table: Common Fractions
Fraction Percentage Fraction Percentage
1 / 1 1 0 0 % 1 / 2 0 5 %
1 / 2 5 0 % 1 / 2 5 4 %
1 / 3 3 3 . 3 3 % 1 / 5 0 2 %
1 / 4 2 5 % 1 / 1 0 0 1 %
1 / 5 2 0 % 3 / 4 7 5 %
1 / 1 0 1 0 % 2 / 3 6 6 . 6 7 %
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P e r c e n t a g e s
Introduction to Percentages
Basic Concept
Percentages are a mathematical 
concept showing how much 
something is out of 100. They are 
used extensively in finance, statistics, 
and daily life situations.
Practical Uses
Understanding percentages helps 
people compare amounts, calculate 
discounts, find profits, and analyze 
information more effectively.
Basic Concepts of Percentages
1
Percent
A way to measure something as a part of a total, where 1% means one part out of 100. For example, 
1% is equivalent to 1 out of 100.
2
Whole
The full amount or total that the percentage refers to. For instance, the total number of students in 
a class represents the whole.
3
Part
The specific portion of the whole that the percentage describes. For example, the number of 
students who received A grades in the class.
To determine the percentage, divide the part by the whole and then 
multiply by 100: 
(Part/Whole) × 100
Percentage Table: Common Fractions
Fraction Percentage Fraction Percentage
1 / 1 1 0 0 % 1 / 2 0 5 %
1 / 2 5 0 % 1 / 2 5 4 %
1 / 3 3 3 . 3 3 % 1 / 5 0 2 %
1 / 4 2 5 % 1 / 1 0 0 1 %
1 / 5 2 0 % 3 / 4 7 5 %
1 / 1 0 1 0 % 2 / 3 6 6 . 6 7 %
Converting and Calculating Percentages
Convert Percentages to Decimals
T o convert a percentage to a decimal, divide by 100. For example, 25% = 25/100 = 0.25.
Convert Percentages to Fractions
T o convert a percentage to a fraction, write it over 100 and simplify if possible. For example, 25% = 
25/100 = 1/4.
Calculate Percentage Change
T o find the percentage increase or decrease: Percentage Change = [(New Value 3 Old Value) / |Old 
Value|] × 100
Calculate Reverse Percentages
T o find the original amount: Original Value = Final Value / (1 ± Percentage/100)