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GEOGRAPHY 
CRASH COURSE
CAPSTONE IAS LEARNING
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GEOGRAPHY 
CRASH COURSE
CAPSTONE IAS LEARNING
Page 3


GEOGRAPHY 
CRASH COURSE
CAPSTONE IAS LEARNING
Page 4


GEOGRAPHY 
CRASH COURSE
CAPSTONE IAS LEARNING
Page 5


GEOGRAPHY 
CRASH COURSE
CAPSTONE IAS LEARNING
Secondary Winds or Periodic Winds
• These winds change their direction with change 
in season.
• Monsoons are the best example of large-scale 
modification of the planetary wind system.
• Other examples of periodic winds include land and 
sea breeze, mountain and valley breeze, 
cyclones and anticyclones, and air masses.
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FAQs on PPT: Periodic & Local Winds - Geography for UPSC CSE

1. What are periodic winds?
Periodic winds are winds that blow in a regular pattern or cycle. They are influenced by factors such as the rotation of the Earth, the temperature differences between land and sea, and the location of high and low-pressure systems. Examples of periodic winds include monsoons, trade winds, and sea breezes.
2. How do local winds differ from periodic winds?
Local winds are winds that are influenced by local geographical features, such as mountains, valleys, and bodies of water. They are typically smaller in scale and shorter in duration compared to periodic winds. Local winds are often driven by temperature differences within a small area and can include phenomena like mountain breezes, valley breezes, and land breezes.
3. What causes monsoons?
Monsoons are primarily caused by the differential heating of land and sea surfaces. During summer, land surfaces heat up faster than the nearby oceans, creating low-pressure areas over land. This low pressure draws in moist air from the oceans, resulting in heavy rainfall. In winter, the situation reverses, with cooler land surfaces creating high-pressure areas, causing winds to blow from land to sea.
4. How do trade winds affect global weather patterns?
Trade winds are prevailing winds that blow from the subtropical high-pressure areas towards the equator. They play a crucial role in the Earth's weather patterns by helping to distribute heat around the globe. Trade winds influence the formation of tropical cyclones, affect the ocean currents, and contribute to the formation of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) where rain belts are located.
5. What causes sea breezes and land breezes?
Sea breezes and land breezes are local winds that occur due to the temperature differences between land and water. During the day, the land heats up faster than the water, creating a low-pressure area over the land. As a result, cool air from the sea moves towards the land, creating a sea breeze. At night, the land cools down faster than the water, causing a high-pressure area over land. This leads to the movement of cool air from the land towards the sea, creating a land breeze.
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