PPT: Population | Geography for UPSC CSE PDF Download

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P o p u l a t i o n
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P o p u l a t i o n
Introduction to Population Geography
Population geography examines how humans are distributed across Earth and the factors that 
influence these patterns.
1
What is Population?
A group of individuals of 
the same species living in a 
specific area, sharing 
resources and environment
2
Population Geography
The study of spatial 
distribution, density, 
growth patterns, and 
movement of people 
across regions
3
UPSC Relevance
Links to socio-economic 
development, 
environmental challenges, 
urbanization trends, and 
policy formulation
Page 3


P o p u l a t i o n
Introduction to Population Geography
Population geography examines how humans are distributed across Earth and the factors that 
influence these patterns.
1
What is Population?
A group of individuals of 
the same species living in a 
specific area, sharing 
resources and environment
2
Population Geography
The study of spatial 
distribution, density, 
growth patterns, and 
movement of people 
across regions
3
UPSC Relevance
Links to socio-economic 
development, 
environmental challenges, 
urbanization trends, and 
policy formulation
Key Concepts in Population Studies
Population Size & Distribution
How many people and where they live
Population Growth
Natural increase (births - deaths) + migration
Population Composition
Age structure, sex ratio, literacy, occupation
Demographic Transition
Stages of population change linked to development level
Page 4


P o p u l a t i o n
Introduction to Population Geography
Population geography examines how humans are distributed across Earth and the factors that 
influence these patterns.
1
What is Population?
A group of individuals of 
the same species living in a 
specific area, sharing 
resources and environment
2
Population Geography
The study of spatial 
distribution, density, 
growth patterns, and 
movement of people 
across regions
3
UPSC Relevance
Links to socio-economic 
development, 
environmental challenges, 
urbanization trends, and 
policy formulation
Key Concepts in Population Studies
Population Size & Distribution
How many people and where they live
Population Growth
Natural increase (births - deaths) + migration
Population Composition
Age structure, sex ratio, literacy, occupation
Demographic Transition
Stages of population change linked to development level
World Population Growth: Historical Perspective
1 10,000 BC
~5 million people globally
Hunter-gatherer societies with high birth and death 
rates
2 Agricultural Revolution (~8000 BC)
Food surplus enabled population growth
Settled farming communities began to expand
3 Industrial Revolution (1779)
Technology and medicine triggered exponential 
growth
Manufacturing cities emerged as population 
centers
4 Post-1950s Era
Medical, green, and information technology 
revolutions
S-curve growth pattern with population explosion 
in developing regions
Page 5


P o p u l a t i o n
Introduction to Population Geography
Population geography examines how humans are distributed across Earth and the factors that 
influence these patterns.
1
What is Population?
A group of individuals of 
the same species living in a 
specific area, sharing 
resources and environment
2
Population Geography
The study of spatial 
distribution, density, 
growth patterns, and 
movement of people 
across regions
3
UPSC Relevance
Links to socio-economic 
development, 
environmental challenges, 
urbanization trends, and 
policy formulation
Key Concepts in Population Studies
Population Size & Distribution
How many people and where they live
Population Growth
Natural increase (births - deaths) + migration
Population Composition
Age structure, sex ratio, literacy, occupation
Demographic Transition
Stages of population change linked to development level
World Population Growth: Historical Perspective
1 10,000 BC
~5 million people globally
Hunter-gatherer societies with high birth and death 
rates
2 Agricultural Revolution (~8000 BC)
Food surplus enabled population growth
Settled farming communities began to expand
3 Industrial Revolution (1779)
Technology and medicine triggered exponential 
growth
Manufacturing cities emerged as population 
centers
4 Post-1950s Era
Medical, green, and information technology 
revolutions
S-curve growth pattern with population explosion 
in developing regions
Population Distribution: Uneven and 
Geography-Influenced
90% of world population lives on just 10% of land area
Factors Affecting Distribution:
Physical Factors
Water availability
Climate 
conditions
Landforms and 
terrain
Soil fertility
Economic Factors
Industrial 
centers
Urban 
development
Transportation 
networks
Social & Political
Government 
policies
Historical 
settlement
Cultural patterns