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Reproduction in Organisms PPT Biology Class 12

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FAQs on Reproduction in Organisms PPT Biology Class 12

1. What are the different modes of reproduction in organisms?
Ans. There are two main modes of reproduction in organisms: sexual and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, leading to the formation of offspring with genetic variation. Asexual reproduction, on the other hand, involves the production of offspring without the involvement of gametes, resulting in genetically identical offspring.
2. How does sexual reproduction occur in organisms?
Ans. Sexual reproduction in organisms involves the fusion of male and female gametes. In most organisms, this occurs through the process of fertilization, where the sperm from the male fuses with the egg of the female. This fusion leads to the formation of a zygote, which develops into a new individual organism.
3. What is the significance of sexual reproduction in organisms?
Ans. Sexual reproduction plays a crucial role in the survival and evolution of organisms. It leads to the creation of genetic variation within a population, which increases the chances of adaptation to changing environments. This variation allows for natural selection to occur, resulting in the survival of individuals with advantageous traits.
4. How does asexual reproduction occur in organisms?
Ans. Asexual reproduction in organisms occurs through various methods such as binary fission, budding, fragmentation, and vegetative propagation. In binary fission, an organism divides into two nearly equal parts, each developing into a new individual. Budding involves the growth of a small outgrowth or bud on the parent organism, which eventually detaches and develops into a new organism. Fragmentation occurs when a parent organism breaks into fragments, each capable of regenerating into a whole new organism. Vegetative propagation involves the growth of new plants from specialized plant parts like stems, roots, or leaves.
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
Ans. Asexual reproduction offers advantages such as rapid population growth, efficient use of resources, and the ability to colonize new habitats quickly. It also ensures the preservation of the desirable traits of the parent organism since the offspring are genetically identical. However, asexual reproduction lacks genetic variation, which can limit the ability of organisms to adapt to changing environments. It also increases the risk of the entire population being susceptible to the same diseases or environmental changes.
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