Plastids, Chloroplast, Leucoplast, Chromoplast Video Lecture - NEET

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let us now talk about a very important
cell organelle of plants that is
plastics so what are plastics these are
cell organelles which are present only
in plant cells so they are exclusively
present in plant cells we do not see
plastics in animal cells that is one
important thing to note here now you
will soon get to know what do plastics
do and that is why they are not present
in animal cells debut specific colors
imparting pigments so they have pigments
which can impart specific color to the
plants so now you are getting some idea
what they might contain yes you are
right
they contain pigments like chlorophyll
which impart green color to the leaves
they also contain pigments which impart
different colors to the plant for
example the red colors of the flowers or
the pink colors of the flowers yellow
color of many fruits so fruits flowers
thereof so many different colors so from
where do they get those colors that is
because of some paint pigments which are
present in the cells of the plants so
they are called plastics so there are
mainly three type of plastics which we
will talk about here and the add
chloroplast chrome oblast and luke
oblast chloroplast tell our dose paper
is that which contains the pigment
chlorophyll chrome oblast are the
colored pigments and luke oblast under
colorless pigments so let us see where
are the plastics located in plant cells
so where can you see them so these are
the plastics so this is where they are
sent so here it is it is displaying
chloroplast so now we will talk about
the different types of class its
chloroplast chrome
last and you go blast where a deform
wanting each of them to so we will see
all that so let us talk about the types
so we will start our discussion with
Luca last the colorless plastics they do
not impart any color then why are they
present because they help in storage of
food like starch oils and proteins so
they help that ways now there are
different names which are given to each
of them so the color is blasted with
stool starch is given a name a
myeloblast again the one which stores
oils is given the name of Av oblast and
the one which stores protein is given
the name and you wrote last so when you
talk about Luca blast in you cope last
you again have three types a minor blast
alejo blast and annual blast for those
with store starch oils and proteins
respectively then the next type is
chroma blast which are colored plastics
that is they impart a variety of colors
like red yellow or into those kind of
colors now why do they produce those
type of colors that means they have they
have a pigment which imparts that color
so what are those pigments they contain
carotenoid pigment pigments these
carotenoid pigments pigments are fat
soluble pigments they get dissolved in
fat and they have these they are
available in red yellow orange colors
that is why you will see this is a very
common color of fruits or flowers there
are so many fruits which are yellow to
orange in color there are so many
flowers which are in that color that is
because of the presence of these
carotenoid pigments some of the example
of carotenoid pigments are carotene
Szanto field these are examples of
carotenoid pregnant pigments so the
because of from these pigments can be
knowing the vegetable character got its
name
it imparts yellow red or orange color so
look at these examples of a sunflower or
a tomato
they gave their colors from these
carotenoid pigments and now last but not
released chloroplast they contain the
green pigment called chlorophyll I mean
I don't really need to tell you anything
about chlorophyll because we all know it
is the pigment which imparts green
collect to the leaves and it is because
of the presence of this pigment that the
process of photos and cases take place
so if chlorophyll is not there
photosynthesis will not take place and
photosynthesis is the process by which
plants can prepare their food if
photosynthesis doesn't happen food will
not be prepared and the plants will
eventually starve and die so this is
very very important they impart green
color to the leaves
now since chloro chloroplast is so very
important we will spend some more time
to understand the structure of
chloroplast so where exactly is this
chlorophyll pigment present they all
have studied the anatomy of a dicot leaf
there we have seen that chloroplast is
present in the music field there do you
remember so we will talk about that
structure very soon and as I said this
is also given the name of kitchen of the
cell so chloroplast is the kitchen of
the cell so you see you have a kitchen
in the cell which is slow to us you have
a powerhouse in the cell which is
mitochondria you have a control center
in the cell which is nucleus so inside
the same different compartments have
been given different specific functions
that is why we talk about
compartmentalization of the cell now as
I said they are present in the mean so
filled air you remember this anatomy of
dichotomy so here this middle layer this
is epidermis this is again epidermis and
in the
you have the musical layer which
consists off the palisade parenchyma on
the upper side and spawn chica and
parenchyma in the lower side so upper
side has balance ed and the lower side
is spongy so the chlorophyll or
chloroplast is present in this nice oval
layer of the leaves now let us talk
about the structure of a chloroplast
what all there's the chloroplast
consists of now the structure of
chloroplast is again something very
important and something little complex
as well so it is again a double
membrane-bound organelle so you have two
membranes one outer membrane and one
inner membrane here you can see this is
the structure of the chloroplast so here
you have the outer membrane and this is
the inner membrane stroma is the matrix
so this is your outer membrane this is
your email membrane and inside the inner
membrane what it would I mean matrix you
have that is the ground substance so
this is the ground substance the dark
green colored structure so this ground
substance is given the name of stroma so
it is a fluid lying structure it is a
homogeneous proteinaceous fluid that is
homogeneous we all know where where
there is uniformity in the fluid and it
is it alt is also composed of protein it
can it contains DNA ribosomes and
enzymes so these are the things which
are present in the matrix that is they
are present in the stroma when you talk
about these two membranes I mean if you
talk about their composition their
composition is very similar to again the
plasma membrane that is they are also
lipid bilayers they have two layers of
lipids and in that some proteins are
embedded now kyla coins are present in
stroma so they act and other structures
which are present in strong vertical
coils these are membrane sacs so where
do we see higher points now these are
the kind of
you see something like a stack of coins
you see something right 1 2 3 so this is
the thylakoid so similarly you see so
many pieces 1 2 3 again 1 2 3 so these
stack of coins which you see inside that
is nothing but kind of points so this
structure is kind of quiet and they are
very very important because they are the
one which contain chlorophyll so now you
understand their importance so what is
how is the structure inside the
chloroplast the Drowned substances all
Strama in that stroma there are some
membrane bound sacks so each of these
oils which you see they are not points
but I am just comparing them with coins
so that it is easier for you to
visualize so they are like wine like
structure so each of the coin will have
a membrane so they are membrane bound
sacks and they are arranged in stacks
like the pile of coins
they are also known as granule
thylakoids or simply higher coins and
they are the ones which contain
chlorophyll now there can be many color
coins in a stack suppose somewhere
around 20 to 50 thylakoids can be
present in one stack that means in 1
over LC 3 just 3 is visible now but in
reality almost 20 to 50 can be present
in one stack and they contain
chlorophyll now stack of color codes is
known as grana so this entire stack is
known as grana so each of them is a kind
of void and the entire stack is a grana
so when I talk about your letters let us
suppose this is your stack this is the
pile of coins so each of these coin is a
kind of coiled and the entire stack is a
Granum which whose plural is grand so
that is why it is often known as each of
them is also known as granilith either
point now there is another structure
called stromal am using water stromal
emitted
connect the granule terabytes let us
suppose there is one stacked like this
there is another stack like this so
there is a structure which connects
these two and this structure is known as
stroma lamellae so where do we see
strong I Langley here here you can see
it here this is one stack this is one
Granum this is another one on thylakoid
so this structure is stroma lamellae so
they are tube-like structures and they
connect the granule thylakoids
now when you talk about the grana there
are there can be many grana many pilots
like this present in the stroma almost
4200 Granick and occur in a chloroplast
1 chloroplast at even hundred grana can
occur
now the arrangement of lipids enzymes
and pigment components is so precise
that without these spore photosynthesis
cannot happen so everything has to be
present in the right quantity everywhere
and that is how the process of
photosynthesis take place so now you
understand how the chloroplast look from
inside they have 4 matrix that is trauma
inside that they have coined like
structures while thylakoids
which are arranged in files and those
files are called grana now those pile of
thylakoids are connected to each other
with the help of stromal Amalie and
these kind of oils contain the
chlorophyll so that is how our internal
structure of chloroplast is now that we
have discussed about the structure and
types of plastics little quick let us
quickly look at its significance they
help in photos and presence of course
there the chloroplast by the kitchen of
the cell they also have in storage of
plant food for example then you go glass
which are colorless plastics they do not
impart any color the by the help
installing starch oils proteins they
have their own DNA and ribosomes you can
make their own proteins so I mean this
is one similarity of plastics with
mitochondria so they also do not have to
depend on
any external cell organelle to prepare
their proteins they are again self
dependent thank you
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