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FAQs on Post Cold War Issues - PSIR Optional for UPSC
| 1. What were the major political changes in the world after the Cold War? |  |
Ans. After the Cold War, the world witnessed significant political changes, including the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, leading to the emergence of 15 independent republics. There was a shift towards liberal democracy in many Eastern European countries, with nations like Poland and Hungary transitioning from authoritarian regimes to democratic governance. Additionally, the United States emerged as the sole superpower, and international relations were characterized by a unipolarity that influenced global politics and economics.
| 2. How did the end of the Cold War affect global economic policies? | |
Ans. The end of the Cold War led to a shift in global economic policies, moving from state-controlled economies to market-oriented reforms in many formerly communist countries. This transition encouraged globalization, with countries adopting neoliberal policies that emphasized free markets, deregulation, and privatization. International financial institutions like the IMF and World Bank played a crucial role in supporting these transitions through loans and structural adjustment programs.
| 3. What role did NATO play in the post-Cold War era? | |
Ans. In the post-Cold War era, NATO adapted its role from a defensive military alliance against the Soviet Union to a broader mission focused on collective security and crisis management. NATO expanded its membership to include several Eastern European countries, promoting stability and democratic governance in the region. The organization also engaged in various humanitarian missions and military interventions, such as in the Balkans and Afghanistan, reflecting its evolving strategic priorities.
| 4. What are some conflicts that emerged in the post-Cold War world? | |
Ans. Several conflicts emerged in the post-Cold War world, often linked to ethnic tensions, political instability, and territorial disputes. Notable examples include the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s, where ethnic conflicts led to significant violence and humanitarian crises. Other conflicts include the ongoing tensions in the Middle East, particularly the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the rise of terrorism, manifested in events like the September 11 attacks and subsequent global counterterrorism efforts.
| 5. How did the end of the Cold War influence U.S.-Russia relations? | |
Ans. The end of the Cold War initially led to a thawing of U.S.-Russia relations, characterized by cooperation on arms control and the reduction of nuclear arsenals through treaties like START. However, as NATO expanded eastward and geopolitical interests diverged, relations soured, especially with Russia's assertive actions in regions like Georgia and Ukraine. The current relationship is marked by mutual suspicion, sanctions, and competing influence in global affairs, highlighting the complexities of post-Cold War diplomacy.
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Oct 16, 2025
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