Practice Questions: Cause & Effects | Logical Reasoning for CLAT PDF Download

DIRECTIONS for the question 1 to 20: In each of the following questions, two statements numbered I and II are given. There-may be cause and effect relationship between the two statements. These two Statements may be the effect of the same cause or independent causes. These statements may be independent causes without having any relationship. Read both the statements in each question and mark your answer as:
(a) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect;
(b) If Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect;
(c) If both the statements I-and II are independent causes;
(d) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes; and
(e) If both the statements I and II are-effects of some common cause.

Q1: I. There is considerable reduction in the number of people affected by water-borne diseases in City A during this rainy season.
II. The government has opened four new civil hospitals in City A in the beginning of the year.
Ans: (c)
The given statements are self-sufficient and depict independent events.

Q2: I. The prices of vegetables have been increased considerably during this summer.
II. There is tremendous increase in the temperature during this summer thereby damaging crops greatly.
Ans: (b)
Clearly, damage to crops due to high temperature may have resulted in a short supply of vegetables and hence an increase in their prices.
Q3: I. There is sharp decline in the production of oil seeds this year.
II. The Government has decided to increase the import quantum of edible oil.
Ans: (a)
A sharp decline in oilseed production is bound to reduce oil supply and import of oil is the only means to restore the essential supply.

Q4: I. The police authority has recently caught a group of house breakers.
II. The citizens group in the locality have started night vigil in the area.
Ans: (e)
Both the statements are clearly backed by a common cause, which is clearly an increase in the number of thefts in the locality.

Q5: I. The government has recently fixed the fees for professional courses offered by the unaided institutions which are much lower than the fees charged last year.
II. The parents of the, aspiring students launched a severe agitation last year protesting against the high fees charged by the unaided institutions.
Ans: (b)
The parents' protest against high fees being charged by the institutions led the government to interfere and fix the fees at a more affordable level.

Q6: I. It is the aim of the city's civic authority to get the air pollution reduced by 20% in the next two months.
II. The number of asthma cases in the city is constantly increasing.
Ans: (b) 
The increase in number of asthma cases must have alerted the authorities to take action to control air pollution that triggers the disease.

Q7: The performance of most of the students in final exam of class X in the schools run by the Government was excellent.
II Many teachers of the Government schools left the school and joined private schools.
Ans: (d)
The students of government schools performing well in the examinations and the teachers of government schools leaving their jobs to join private schools are two separate situations that must have been triggered by independent causes.

Q8: I. Most of the steel producing companies in the country have made considerable profit during the last financial year.
II. Many Asian countries have been importing huge quantities of steel from India
Ans: (b)
The increase in demand of steel from other countries is bound to enhance business and hence profitability of steel companies in India.

Q9: I. Police; resorted to lathi-charge to disperse the unlawful gathering of large number of people.
II. The citizens' forum called a general strike in protest against the police atrocities.
Ans: (a)
Clearly, the people's mass protest against the police might have instigated the latter to indulge in lathi-charge to disperse the mob.

Q10: I. Majority of the citizens in the locality belong to higher income group.
II. if The sales in the local super market are comparatively much higher than in other localities.
Ans: (b)
The comparatively higher sales in a particular locality are indicative of the high paying capacity of the residents of that locality.

Q11: I. The school authority has asked the X Std. students to attend special classes to be conducted on Sundays.
II. The parents of the X Std. students have withdrawn their wards from attending private tuitions conducted on Sundays.
Ans: (a)
It seems quite evident that the parents have instructed their wards to abstain from private tuitions on Sundays and attend special classes organised by the school.

Q12: I. The literacy rate in the district has been increasing for the last four years.
II. The district administration has conducted extensive training programme for the S workers involved in the literacy drive.
Ans: (b)
Clearly, the increase in the literacy rate may be attributed directly to the stringent effort of the district administration in this direction.

Q13: I. The university authority has instructed all the colleges under its jurisdiction to ban use of all phones inside the college premises.
II. Majority, of the teachers of the colleges signed a joint petition to the university complaining the disturbances caused by cell phone ring-tones inside the classrooms.
Ans: (b)
Clearly, the university's decision came as a sequel to the complaint received by it from the college teachers against use of mobile phones in the college premises

Q14: I. Rural and semi-urban areas in the country have been suffering  due to load shedding for quite some time.
II. If the Government is not able to overcome the power crisis, load shedding will be extended even to the urban areas.
Ans: (e)
The facts given in both the statements are clearly the result of acute power shortage.

Q15: I. Large number of people living in the low-lying areas have been evacuated during the last few days to safer places.
II. The Government has rushed in relief supplies to the people living in the affected areas.
Ans: (e)
Evacuating low-lying areas and rushing in relief to the affected areas clearly indicates that floods have occurred in the area.

Q16: I. The employees of the biggest bank in the country have given an indefinite strike call starting from third of the next month.
II. The employees of the Central Government have withdrawn their week long demonstrations.
Ans: (d)
The employees of a bank going on strike and the government employees calling off their protest seem to be two independent events that might have been triggered by individual causes.

Q17: I. The farmers have decided against selling their kharif crops to the Government agencies.
II. The Government has reduced the procurement price of kharif crops starting from last month to the next six months.
Ans: (b)
The reduction in procurement price of crops must have instigated the farmers not to sell their produce to Government agencies.

Q18: I. There is unprecedented increase in the number of young unemployed in comparison to the previous year.
II. A large number of candidates submitted applications against an advertisement for the post of manager issued by a bank
Ans: (a)
An increase in the number of unemployed youth is bound to draw in huge crowds for a single vacancy.

Q19: I. The government has decided to make all the information related to primary education available to the general public.
II. In the past, the general public did not have access to all these information t elated to primary education.
Ans: (b)
The government must have seen the unawareness of the people as a strong factor in the primary education programme being not successful. The step indicated in I must, thus, have been sought for as a remedy for the same.

Q20: I. The life today is too fast, demanding and full of variety in all aspects which at times beads to stressful situations.
II. Number of suicide cases among teenagers is on increase.
Ans: (a)
Stress B in everyday life is a major cause of frustration among the youth and is bound to lead them to take harsh steps as suicide.