Probiotics as Growth Promoters | Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science Optional for UPSC PDF Download

Probiotics as Growth Promoters

Definition of Probiotics:

• The term "probiotic" originates from Greek words meaning 'for life', as opposed to 'antibiotic', which means 'against life'. Probiotics are live microbial feed supplements that positively impact the host animals by enhancing their intestinal microbial balance. They introduce beneficial bacilli into the animal gut, which outcompete existing pathogens and prevent new harmful organisms from establishing.

Composition of Probiotic Preparations:

• Probiotic products typically consist of Lactobacilli and/or Streptococci species, and sometimes include Bifidobacterium and yeast cultures. These preparations, whether viable, freeze-dried, or microencapsulated, multiply in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the small intestine.

Benefits of Probiotics:

• Direct antagonistic effects against harmful organisms through antibacterial compound production
• Alteration of microbial metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract
• Stimulation of immunity
• Neutralization of enterotoxins produced by pathogenic organisms

Probiotic Characteristics

• Non-pathogenic to animals and humans
• Gram-positive for increased resistance to digestive enzymes
• High tolerance for bile and low pH
• Ability to produce lactic acid
• Easy proliferation in vivo and in vitro
• High survival rate after manufacturing processes
• High stability at room temperature and when mixed with feed

Mode of Action of Probiotics

Probiotics exert their beneficial effects by neutralizing toxins, suppressing specific bacteria, altering microbial metabolism, and stimulating immunity. They play a crucial role in maintaining gut health, especially under stressful conditions.

Uses of Probiotics:

• Probiotics have shown significant benefits in cattle and poultry industries, improving weight gain, feed efficiency, milk yield, and overall health. For example, in poultry trials, birds receiving probiotics exhibited better weight gain and feed efficiency compared to the control group.