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1. What are d-block and f-block elements?
Ans. The d-block elements are also known as transition elements and they are located in the middle of the periodic table. They have partially filled d-orbitals and exhibit variable oxidation states. The f-block elements are also known as inner transition elements and they are located at the bottom of the periodic table. They have partially filled f-orbitals and are known for their lanthanides and actinides series.
2. What are the properties of d-block elements?
Ans. The d-block elements have several properties such as high melting and boiling points, good conductivity of heat and electricity, variable oxidation states, formation of colored compounds, and catalytic activity. They also show the formation of complex ions and are known for their magnetic properties.
3. What is the significance of d-block elements?
Ans. The d-block elements have immense significance in various fields. They are widely used in industries for the production of alloys, stainless steel, and electronic devices. They play a crucial role in catalytic reactions and are important in biological systems. Their unique properties make them essential for various applications in technology and medicine.
4. What are the electronic configurations of d-block elements?
Ans. The electronic configurations of d-block elements are characterized by the filling of d-orbitals. The general electronic configuration is (n-1)d1-10ns0-2, where n represents the principal quantum number. For example, the electronic configuration of iron (Fe) is [Ar] 4s2 3d6, and the electronic configuration of copper (Cu) is [Ar] 4s1 3d10.
5. How do d-block elements form complex ions?
Ans. D-block elements have the ability to form complex ions due to the presence of partially filled d-orbitals. The vacant d-orbitals can accept electron pairs from other molecules or ions, leading to the formation of coordination compounds. The formation of complex ions is influenced by factors such as ligand type, charge on the metal ion, and the nature of the d-orbitals involved in bonding. Complex ions have various applications in industries, medicine, and analytical chemistry.
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