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FAQs on Quick Revision: Structure of Atom - Physical Chemistry for NEET

1. What is the structure of an atom?
Ans. An atom is made up of three main particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom, while electrons orbit the nucleus in energy levels or shells.
2. How are protons, neutrons, and electrons arranged in an atom?
Ans. Protons and neutrons are tightly packed together in the nucleus of an atom. Electrons, on the other hand, are arranged in specific energy levels or shells around the nucleus, with each shell having a maximum number of electrons it can hold.
3. What are the charges and masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
Ans. Protons have a positive charge (+1) and a relative mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu). Neutrons have no charge (neutral) and also have a relative mass of 1 amu. Electrons have a negative charge (-1) and their mass is approximately 1/1836 amu, which is considered negligible compared to protons and neutrons.
4. How does the structure of an atom determine its chemical properties?
Ans. The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number, which defines the element and its chemical properties. The arrangement of electrons in the energy levels determines how atoms bond with each other and form compounds. The outermost energy level, known as the valence shell, is particularly important in determining an atom's reactivity and ability to form chemical bonds.
5. How was the structure of an atom discovered?
Ans. The structure of an atom was discovered through various experiments, most notably by Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment in 1911. This experiment involved firing alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. Rutherford observed that some alpha particles were deflected, suggesting the presence of a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center of the atom. This experiment led to the development of the nuclear model of the atom, which forms the basis of our understanding of atomic structure.
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