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Introduction

Jahangir's Rajput Policy: Continuity and Relations:

  • Jahangir followed his father Akbar's Rajput policy, showing a similar approach.
  • Being the son of a Rajput princess, Jahangir had a liberal and broadminded religious outlook.
  • Despite a temporary rift with Raja Man Singh during the Khurram incident, Jahangir's Rajput policy remained unaffected.
  • Raja Man Singh lost some influence at court but retained his position, status, and fortunes.
  • Jahangir strengthened ties with Rajputs through matrimonial alliances, marrying several Rajput princesses.
  • He maintained cordial relationships with Rajput ruling houses.
  • Jahangir's successor, Prince Khurram, was born of a Rajput princess, the daughter of Raja Udai Singh of Jodhpur (Marwar).
  • The imperial court continued to be diverse, with generals, scholars, and artists from various communities.
  • Civil and military services remained open to Hindus, reflecting inclusivity.

War and Peace with Mewar

Accession of Jahangir and the Conflict with Mewar:

  • At the time of Jahangir's accession, Mewar was at war with the Mughal Empire.
  • It was believed that Mewar's independence was partly due to Jahangir's past refusal to subjugate it.
  • The conquest of Mewar became a matter of prestige for Jahangir, who was annoyed by the existence of a rebellious principality within the Mughal Empire.

Military Expeditions against Mewar:

  • Jahangir ordered a military expedition to Mewar led by Prince Parvez and Asaf Khan against Rana Amar Singh of Mewar.
  • A battle at the pass of Dewar was fought, but it was indecisive.
  • The Mughals attempted to install Sagar, a traitor, as a puppet leader in Mewar, but this effort failed.

Subsequent Campaigns and Challenges:

  • Jahangir sent multiple military expeditions against Mewar from 1608 to 1615 CE, but faced various challenges and failures.
  • Prince Khurram (later Shah Jahan) was put in charge of a major campaign against Mewar, employing scorched-earth tactics.
  • Mewar suffered greatly from famine and epidemics due to the Mughal blockade and destruction.

Peace Negotiations and Treaty of 1615 CE:

  • In 1615 CE, Rana Amar Singh sought peace negotiations with Jahangir, leading to a treaty that recognized Jahangir as suzerain.
  • The treaty restored all Mewar territories to Rana Amar Singh, including Chitor, and imposed minimal restrictions on the Rana.
  • The treaty marked a significant achievement in Mughal policy and the political unification of India.

Legacy and Impact:

  • The Treaty of Peace with Mewar was a major breakthrough in Mughal rule, reflecting the success of Akbar's policy of political unification.
  • Jahangir's Rajput policy was successful, and Mewar enjoyed autonomy while remaining loyal to the Mughal throne.
  • However, Aurangzeb later reversed this liberal policy, leading to revolts among subordinate Hindu chiefs, including Kana Raj Singh of Mewar.

Summary

Jahangir's Rajput Policy:

  • Jahangir continued his father Akbar's Rajput policy effectively.
  • Despite a temporary rift with Raja Man Singh over the Khurram issue, Jahangir's Rajput policy remained strong.
  • He strengthened ties with Rajputs through marriage, marrying several Rajput princesses and fostering good relationships with Rajput ruling houses.
  • Upon Jahangir's accession, Mewar was at war with the Mughal Empire. He initially sent military expeditions to subdue Mewar but had to recall the troops due to Khusrau's revolt.
  • Between 1608 and 1615 CE, Jahangir launched four military expeditions against Mewar.
  • In 1615 CE, a Treaty of Peace was established with Mewar, marking a significant achievement in Mughal history.
  • Jahangir's Rajput policy was ultimately successful, allowing Mewar to enjoy autonomy during his reign.
The document Rajput Policy of Jahangir | History Optional for UPSC (Notes) is a part of the UPSC Course History Optional for UPSC (Notes).
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