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Rawls on Morals Video Lecture | UPSC Mains: Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude

FAQs on Rawls on Morals Video Lecture - UPSC Mains: Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude

1. What is Rawls' theory of justice?

Ans. Rawls' theory of justice, also known as justice as fairness, is a moral and political philosophy developed by American philosopher John Rawls. According to Rawls, a just society is one that individuals would agree to if they were behind a "veil of ignorance," unaware of their own social position, wealth, abilities, or other personal characteristics. Rawls argues that in such a society, principles of justice would be chosen to ensure the maximum benefit for the least advantaged members of society.

2. How does Rawls define the original position?

Ans. Rawls defines the original position as a hypothetical situation in which individuals are placed behind a veil of ignorance and tasked with choosing principles of justice for society. In this position, individuals do not know their own social status, wealth, or personal attributes. They are assumed to be rational and self-interested, aiming to maximize their own well-being. Rawls argues that in this state of uncertainty, individuals would choose principles that prioritize the fair distribution of resources and opportunities.

3. What are the two principles of justice according to Rawls?

Ans. Rawls proposes two principles of justice: the first is the principle of equal basic liberties, which guarantees each individual an equal right to the most extensive liberties compatible with similar liberties for all. The second is the difference principle, which states that social and economic inequalities should be arranged to benefit the least advantaged members of society. Rawls argues that these principles would be chosen in the original position, where individuals prioritize fairness and the well-being of the most vulnerable.

4. How does Rawls' theory address inequalities in society?

Ans. Rawls' theory addresses inequalities in society through the difference principle. According to this principle, social and economic inequalities are permissible only if they benefit the least advantaged members of society. Rawls argues that such inequalities can be justified if they help improve the overall well-being of those who are in the worst positions. This principle ensures a fair distribution of resources and opportunities while recognizing that some level of inequality may be necessary for societal advancement.

5. How does Rawls' theory relate to the concept of fairness?

Ans. Rawls' theory of justice, or justice as fairness, is deeply rooted in the concept of fairness. Rawls argues that a just society is one that individuals would agree to from behind a veil of ignorance, where fairness is prioritized. The principles of justice chosen in the original position are designed to ensure fairness by providing equal basic liberties for all and prioritizing the well-being of the least advantaged members of society. Rawls' theory aims to create a society that is fair and just for all individuals, regardless of their personal circumstances.

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Sep 19, 2025 Last updated

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