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| 1. What are the main differences between Realism and Neo-Realism in International Relations? |  |
Ans. Realism focuses on the idea that international relations are driven by competitive self-interest and the anarchic nature of the international system. It emphasizes state sovereignty, military power, and the importance of national interests. Neo-Realism, or Structural Realism, builds on these ideas but introduces the concept that the structure of the international system, rather than human nature, primarily drives state behavior. It categorizes states based on their capabilities and emphasizes the balance of power as a central concept.
| 2. How do Realist and Neo-Realist theories explain the behavior of states in the international system? | |
Ans. Realist theories suggest that states act primarily out of self-interest and the pursuit of power, often leading to conflict. Neo-Realism, on the other hand, posits that the structure of the international system influences state behavior, leading to a focus on survival and security in a competitive environment. Both theories highlight the anarchic nature of the international system, but Neo-Realism provides a more systemic approach by analyzing how the distribution of power affects state actions.
| 3. Can you provide examples of Realist and Neo-Realist thought in historical contexts? | |
Ans. A classic example of Realism can be seen in the actions of states during the Cold War, where the U.S. and the Soviet Union acted based on power dynamics and national interests. In contrast, Neo-Realist thought can be illustrated by the concept of the security dilemma, where states increase their military capabilities to ensure security, leading to arms races. The post-Cold War era, with the emergence of multipolarity, is often analyzed through a Neo-Realist lens concerning state interactions and power distribution.
| 4. What is the significance of the balance of power in Realist and Neo-Realist theories? | |
Ans. The balance of power is a critical concept in both Realism and Neo-Realism. Realists argue that maintaining a balance of power among states prevents any one state from becoming too dominant, which could lead to instability and conflict. Neo-Realists, while agreeing on the importance of balance, emphasize how the structure of the international system influences this balance and how it can shift over time, affecting the behavior of states and their interactions.
| 5. How do Realist and Neo-Realist approaches address global issues such as war and peace? | |
Ans. Realist approaches often view war as an inevitable outcome of the anarchic international system and state competition. They argue that states must prepare for conflict to ensure their survival. Neo-Realist theories, while acknowledging the inevitability of conflict, suggest that understanding the structural dynamics of the international system can lead to more stable peace through the management of power relations. Both perspectives seek to explain the causes of war and the conditions for peace, albeit from slightly different angles.
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