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FAQs on Reliability, Validity and Triangulation - Sociology Optional for UPSC (Notes)

1. What is the difference between reliability and validity in research?
Ans.Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure; it indicates whether the same results can be obtained repeatedly under the same conditions. Validity, on the other hand, assesses whether a tool measures what it is intended to measure. While a measure can be reliable but not valid, a valid measure must be reliable.
2. Why is triangulation important in research?
Ans.Triangulation is important because it enhances the credibility and validity of research findings. By using multiple methods, data sources, or theoretical perspectives, researchers can cross-verify results and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem, thus reducing bias.
3. How can I ensure the reliability of my research instruments?
Ans.To ensure reliability, researchers can conduct pilot tests, use established measurement scales, and apply statistical techniques such as Cronbach's alpha to assess internal consistency. Additionally, maintaining clear and consistent procedures during data collection can help enhance reliability.
4. What are the different types of triangulation used in research?
Ans.There are several types of triangulation: methodological triangulation (using multiple methods), data triangulation (using different data sources), investigator triangulation (involving multiple researchers), and theoretical triangulation (applying different theories). Each type helps provide a more robust analysis.
5. How does reliability impact the overall quality of research?
Ans.Reliability significantly impacts research quality because unreliable measures can lead to inconsistent results, making it difficult to draw valid conclusions. High reliability increases confidence in the findings, thereby enhancing the overall credibility and acceptance of the research within the academic community.
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