NEET Exam  >  NEET Notes  >  Chemistry Class 12  >  Revision Notes: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Revision Notes: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | Chemistry Class 12 - NEET PDF Download

Download, print and study this document offline
75 videos|349 docs|78 tests

FAQs on Revision Notes: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers - Chemistry Class 12 - NEET

$1. What are the main differences between alcohols, phenols, and ethers?
Ans. Alcohols are organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to a carbon atom. They are classified based on the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbon bearing the -OH group. Phenols, on the other hand, are a type of alcohol where the hydroxyl group is directly attached to a benzene ring, giving them distinct chemical properties. Ethers are characterized by an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups, resulting in a structure that has a general formula of R-O-R'. Each class has unique properties and reactivity due to their differing structures.
$2. How are alcohols named according to IUPAC nomenclature?
Ans. Alcohols are named by identifying the longest carbon chain that contains the hydroxyl group and then replacing the '-e' ending of the corresponding alkane name with '-ol'. The position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by a number that corresponds to the carbon atom to which it is attached. For example, the alcohol derived from pentane with the hydroxyl on the second carbon is named 2-pentanol.
$3. What are the common uses of phenols in everyday life?
Ans. Phenols have a variety of applications in daily life. They are widely used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their antibacterial properties. Additionally, phenols are important in the production of plastics, resins, and dyes. They are also used in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and as antioxidants in food preservation.
$4. How do ethers differ from alcohols in terms of reactivity?
Ans. Ethers are generally less reactive than alcohols. Alcohols, with their hydroxyl groups, can participate in hydrogen bonding and can be easily oxidized or dehydrated, making them more reactive in various chemical reactions. Ethers, lacking a hydroxyl group, do not undergo similar reactions and are more stable, although they can still be cleaved by strong acids.
$5. What are some methods for the preparation of alcohols?
Ans. Alcohols can be prepared through several methods, including: 1. Hydration of alkenes, where water is added across a double bond in the presence of an acid catalyst. 2. Reduction of carbonyl compounds like aldehydes and ketones using reducing agents such as lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride. 3. Fermentation of sugars, where yeast converts sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide. 4. Grignard reaction, where an alkyl or aryl magnesium halide reacts with water or a carbonyl compound to form alcohols.
Related Searches

Summary

,

study material

,

past year papers

,

Phenols and Ethers | Chemistry Class 12 - NEET

,

ppt

,

Extra Questions

,

Viva Questions

,

Important questions

,

pdf

,

Exam

,

Revision Notes: Alcohols

,

Phenols and Ethers | Chemistry Class 12 - NEET

,

practice quizzes

,

mock tests for examination

,

video lectures

,

Phenols and Ethers | Chemistry Class 12 - NEET

,

Previous Year Questions with Solutions

,

Revision Notes: Alcohols

,

Free

,

Semester Notes

,

Sample Paper

,

MCQs

,

shortcuts and tricks

,

Objective type Questions

,

Revision Notes: Alcohols

;