NEET Exam > NEET Videos > Biology Class 11 > Ribosomes in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell
Ribosomes in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell Video Lecture | Biology Class 11 - NEET
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FAQs on Ribosomes in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell Video Lecture - Biology Class 11 - NEET
| 1. What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes? |  |
Ans. Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S in size, consisting of a 50S large subunit and a 30S small subunit, whereas eukaryotic ribosomes are larger, measuring 80S, composed of a 60S large subunit and a 40S small subunit. Additionally, prokaryotic ribosomes are found freely in the cytoplasm, while eukaryotic ribosomes can be found both in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
| 2. How do ribosomes function in protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? | |
Ans. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They facilitate the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences by reading the codons on the mRNA and bringing in the corresponding transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, which carry specific amino acids. This process occurs in both types of cells but may involve different initiation factors and mechanisms.
| 3. Why are ribosomes considered essential for cell function? | |
Ans. Ribosomes are essential for cell function because they are responsible for synthesizing proteins, which are crucial for various cellular processes including cell structure, enzyme activity, and signaling. Without ribosomes, cells would be unable to produce the proteins necessary for growth, repair, and the overall functioning of the organism.
| 4. What is the significance of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in ribosome structure? | |
Ans. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a key component of ribosomes, providing structural support and playing a crucial role in catalyzing peptide bond formation during protein synthesis. It helps determine the ribosome's shape and ensures that the ribosome functions properly, allowing for effective translation of mRNA into proteins.
| 5. How do antibiotics target prokaryotic ribosomes without affecting eukaryotic ribosomes? | |
Ans. Antibiotics can selectively target prokaryotic ribosomes because of the structural differences between prokaryotic (70S) and eukaryotic (80S) ribosomes. Many antibiotics bind specifically to the 30S or 50S subunits of prokaryotic ribosomes, inhibiting their function and blocking protein synthesis without affecting the larger eukaryotic ribosomes, thereby minimizing harm to human cells.
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Nov 17, 2024 Last updated |
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