Sansad TV: The Defenders- Weaponization of Space | Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis: Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

Introduction

The exploration and utilization of outer space have become a crucial aspect of technological advancements and national security in the 21st century. However, the absence of a global regulatory regime to address the growing militarization of space has raised concerns worldwide. In this article, we delve into the weaponization of space and highlight India's role in mitigating challenges and promoting global space governance.

Outer Space Treaty of 1967

The Outer Space Treaty, formally known as the "Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies," serves as the cornerstone of international space law. This treaty prohibits the placement of weapons of mass destruction in outer space, emphasizing the peaceful and cooperative exploration and utilization of space. Currently, 108 countries are parties to the treaty, with an additional 23 signatories awaiting ratification.

Growing Militarization of Outer Space

The absence of a comprehensive global regulatory regime has allowed the militarization of outer space to escalate. While the Outer Space Treaty does not ban military activities or the weaponization of space, it explicitly prohibits weapons of mass destruction. The development of anti-satellite technology, previously limited to a few countries like the United States, Russia, and China, has now included India in this elite group. Outer space has become an arena for showcasing technological prowess, including the deployment of spy satellites and the testing of various weapon systems.

Need for a Global Regulatory Framework

The lack of a global regulatory treaty addressing the militarization of space is a matter of concern. India, recognizing the security risks to its space-based assets, has expressed the need for collective action to safeguard these critical resources. Efforts should be directed towards establishing a regulatory framework that clearly demarcates civilian and military uses of outer space. Such a framework would foster international cooperation, promote the free exchange of ideas and technologies, enhance transparency, and build confidence among nations.

India's Role in Ensuring Global Space Governance

India has a vested interest in promoting a clean, safe, and secure outer space environment for future generations. With its successful demonstration of anti-satellite capability, India has gained credibility in the global space governance arena. To play an active role, India must emphasize the establishment of rules and guidelines for permissible activities in outer space. Additionally, India should collaborate with like-minded nations to initiate discussions on pressing issues such as space debris mitigation, space traffic management, and orbital frequency coordination. These conversations should be taken to meaningful international platforms like the Conference on Disarmament, UN First Committee, and UN Disarmament Commission.

Conclusion

India's increasing presence in space necessitates a responsible and cooperative approach to address the challenges of the weaponization of outer space. While the Outer Space Treaty serves as a foundation for international space law, there is a pressing need to bridge the regulatory gaps. By actively participating in global discussions and collaborating with other nations, India can contribute significantly to shaping the future of space governance. Together, countries can work towards ensuring the peaceful, secure, and sustainable use of outer space for the benefit of all humankind.