Sansad TV: Transforming India- India’s Incredible Diaspora | Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis: Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

Using Soft Power for Diplomacy

• Did you know that young people in India and Southeast Asia are connecting more than ever through cultural avenues like music, art, games, and education? This positive interaction has been greatly boosted by social media. For instance, yoga is gaining popularity in the ASEAN region, and the Buddhist connections in India serve as a bridge between the two regions.
• India's soft power is evident in various aspects such as Buddhism, yoga, the revival of Nalanda University, Indian study programs in universities across countries like Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia, as well as Indian cultural centers in Jakarta, Bali, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Suva, and Lautoka. Additionally, collaborative efforts to restore monuments in countries like Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos showcase India's influence. Hindu temples and the celebration of Hindu festivals continue to be part of these connections.

The Power of the Indian Diaspora

• The Parliamentary Committee on External Affairs reported that by December 31, 2021, there were about 4.7 crore Indians living abroad, including students. India has the world's largest emigrant population, according to the United Nations' International Organization for Migration, followed by Mexico, Russia, and China.
• These diaspora communities act as vital links to knowledge, expertise, resources, and global markets, connecting their home country with the rest of the world. They contribute significantly to India's "soft diplomacy" or "diaspora diplomacy." For instance, the Indian Diaspora played a crucial role in the realization of the Indo-US Nuclear deal. They also contribute to the growth of their host countries, exemplified by the success of Indians in Silicon Valley.
• The Indian Diaspora has made notable contributions to fields like Science & Technology and transnational entrepreneurship, becoming a substantial source of trade and investment for India. Their remittances play a crucial role in balancing the current account, fostering socio-economic development, and reducing poverty. Remarkably, the World Bank highlights that the Indian Diaspora is the largest source of remittances worldwide.

Spreading experience and exposure

• These communities also spread Indian culture and traditions abroad, benefiting India at large. Yoga, Ayurveda, Indian Cuisine, and more have gained global recognition due to their efforts.

Challenges Posed by the Diaspora:

• The Parliamentary Committee revealed that conventions like the PBD might exclude a significant portion of the diaspora that isn't financially well-off, including low-skilled and blue-collar workers. Fluctuating oil prices and slower global growth have led to job cuts for Indians abroad.
• Unfortunately, discriminatory practices stemming from a colonial and racist mindset persist, making it challenging for Indians to secure jobs and work visas. The support of the diaspora isn't always consistent, and their priorities may not align with India's. For instance, the Indian community in the US didn't strongly oppose Trump's proposal to restrict the H-1B visa program, which many Indians benefit from.
• Most Indian diaspora members desire to retain their Indian citizenship alongside their host country's citizenship. Additionally, there's the concern that remittances might not always be used for positive purposes. For instance, foreign funding has supported extremist movements like the Khalistan movement.
• Many Indians prefer pursuing higher education and careers abroad, leading to a loss of talent in research and development for India. Reports suggest that certain policies have also made it easier for companies to hire labor from countries like Bangladesh and Pakistan, negatively impacting India.

Moving Forward

• To enhance the impact of the PBD convention, a more inclusive approach is needed, involving all segments of the diaspora community. Creating a welcoming environment upon their arrival in India is essential, with streamlined immigration and customs procedures and courteous service.
• Facilitating the entry of foreign funds, addressing issues faced by blue-collar workers abroad, and establishing Standard Labor Export Agreements with host countries are steps that can be taken. Ensuring proper monitoring and supervision of overseas workers through diplomatic missions and implementing insurance schemes to cover their risks are crucial.
• An inclusive approach to diplomacy is vital, including encouraging visits by Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) to their home state and relatives, promoting tourism among the second generation of PIOs.
• Special focus should also be placed on the welfare of Indian women married to NRIs/PIOs. Moreover, utilizing diasporic professionals in senior roles within the manufacturing industry can boost India's image as an outsourcing destination.
• Considering the creation of Special Economic Zones exclusively for projects led by NRIs/PIOs and issuing infrastructure bonds to attract investments from them, similar to Israel Bonds, could also drive economic development.
• India's challenge lies in effectively leveraging the financial and intellectual capital of its extensive diaspora for its growth and progress.