Schedule Animals Of WPA 1972 | Environment for UPSC CSE PDF Download

Common Name

Category

Range Description

Habitat & Ecology

Major threat

Andaman Wild Pig

Least Concern

Andaman

Temperate to Tropical Habitat 

Habitat destruction and hunting pressure.

Bharal

Least Concern

Bhutan, China, Northern India, Northern Myanmar, Nepal, North Pakistan.

Blue Sheep - North Himalaya & Trans Himalaya - along the border of Arunachal Pradesh.

Ladak, Himachal Pradesh, U.P., Sikkim and Eastern Arunachal Pradesh & recently conformed in Western Arunachal Pradesh

Open grass slopes in high mountain from 2500 - 5500 m avoid entering forest area

Competition with livestock, habitat destruction due to livestock.

Binturong

Vulnerable

India - Sikkim, Bangladesh, Bhutan Myanmar, China

Arboreal animals feed on fruits, insects, birds.

Habitat loss and degradation.

 Brown antlered Deer

 Endangered

 South & South East Asia, Manipur (Southern end of loktak lake) region of N.E. India through Myanmar. 

 Open, Grass dominated habitat.

 Hunting, Medicinal Product, Habitat loss. “Hydroelectric Power Project - loktak lake

 Brown Beer

 Critically Endangered

 India (Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarkhant), Nepal, Pakistan, China

 Temperate rainforest. (Northern India, Western China)

 Man - animal conflict

 Capped Langur

 Vulnerable

 Bangladesh, Bhutan (N.E. India - A.P., Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura) Brahmaputra (Karbi Anglong, Khasi, Garo, Naga & Jaintia hills) & Myanmar

 Diurnal, arboreal, broadleaf, deciduous & bamboo forest

 Habitat destruction, jhum cultivation, monoculture, timber and firewood harvest. Traded for meat purpose.

 Caracal desert lynx

 Least Concern 

 Africa, Central Asia, South West Asia into India 

 Semi - desert to open tropical grassland

 Habitat, destruction, hunting

 Cheetah

 Vulnerable

 1. Extint - Central - India & Pakistan

2. Asiastic Cheetah (critically endangered) - Iran - only

 Open Grassy habitat, dry forest, savanna woodland, semi - desert - absent in tropical rain forest

 Habitat loss, fragmentation, loss of prey - due to human hunting activities. livestock damage - hunting by man.

 Chinese Pangolin

 Endangered

 Occur in Himalayan foot hills in Eastern Nepal, Bhutan, Northern India, North East Bangladesh (India - Sikkim)

 Primary & Secondary tropical forest, lime stone forest, bamboo forest, grassland & agricultural field. Nocturnal animal

 Habitat loss, hunting for local use trade skin, scales & meat

 Indian Gazelle (Chinkara)

 Least Concern

 Western & Central India through Pakistan, South-West Afghan. (Thar desert remains strong hold)

 Inhabits arid area, Sand deserts, Flat plains & hills, dry scrub & light forest.

 Habitat loss through overgrazing, conversion to agriculture & industrial development

 Clouded Leopard

 Vulnerable

 Himalayan foot hill in Nepal through mainland South East Asia - China 

 Arboreal, forest habitat (Primary every green tropical rainforest, also in dry deciduous forest Himalaya - 2500 m.

 Habitat destruction. Hunted for skin, bones for medicine, captive animal

 Crab eating Macaque

 Least Concern

 Occurs on Nicobar Island of India, (Little Nicobar & Great Nicobar) where it found up to 600 m.

 Grassland, Mangrove, swamp forest and can be found in agricultural area near forest.

 Hunting, Habitat loss.

 Sand Cat

 Near threatened

 Only found in true desert. Northern Africa, Southwest & Central Asia

 Specialist of sand desert, localized around spare regetation which can support small rodent prey.

 Habitat degradation major threat - by human settlement and livestock grazing

 Dugong Dugong (Sea Cow)

 Vulnerable

 Coastal Island water belt East Africa & Vanuate belt latitude 27° N - South of Eq (India - Andaman & Nicobar, Laccadives)

 Coastal water, wide shallow mangrove & sizeable sea grass bed.

 Habitat & degradation loss Indigenous use & hunting, pollution

 Ermine

 Least Concern

 Throughout North America, Europe, Asia, Greenland, Canada, Siberia, India.

 Forest edge habitat, scrub, alpine meadow, marshes, riparian woodland, hedgerows.

 No major threat Habitat destruction due to timber loss.

 Fishing Cat

 Endangered

 Asia - Pakistan - Indus Valley India - Nagpur, Himalayan foothill & Eastern India. (Keoladeo National Park)

 Wetland (Swamp and marshy), Oxbow lake, reed beds, mangroves. Evergreen & tropical dry forest.

 Wetland destruction 45% of wetland 94% of globally significant wetland - threatened. eg: Human settlement, agricultural pollution, hunting & Wood cutting.

 Four horned antelope

 Vulnerable

 2008 - Widely distributed but in scattered population over most of India - From Himalaya foothills to Peninsular India. (Nepal. India)

 Found in well wooded undulating (or) hilly area and never far from water, they are solitary & browse & graze.

 Habitat destruction through the clearance of scrub & forest for agriculture.

 Ganges river Dolphin

 Endangered

 Indus Ganges - Brahmaputra Megna, Karnaphuli - Sangu river system of south. Asian subcontinent, from upstream to where they blocked by barrier.

 Cone in counter - current pools below channel convergence meanders. Can’t tolerate salinity > 10 ppt.

 1. Water development project

2 . Fragmenting of pop, dams, barrages.

3. Pollutant loads.

4. Deliberate killing

5. Mortality in fishing gear

 India Gaur 

 Vulnerable

 Gaur historically occured throughout main land south. South east asia, Srilanka.

 From sea level upto least 2800m. (hill & low lying area.) 1. undisturbed forest tact,

2. hilly terrain

3. availability of water.

4. availability of coarse grasses

 Hunting, Habitat degradation, forest fragmentation with human population.

 Golden Cat

 Near threatened

Himalayan foothills into China and South East Asia 

 Forest habitat ranging from tropical and subtropical evergreen to mixed & dry deciduous forest

 Habitat loss to deforestations, illegal trading

 Golden Langur

 Endangered

 Bhutan and Northeast India (Assam). Forest beltwest Assam between manas river in east, sankosh - Brahmaputra

 Moist evergreen, diptero carp, riverine & moist deciduous forest

 Habitat destruction, Hunting.

 (a) Indian / Malabar Gaint aquirtel

 Least Concern

 Southwestern, Central, Eastern Peninsular India (W.G., E.G. & Satpura) AP, Kar, TN, M.P. Mah, Chatti, Jhar, Gujar, Kerala

 Diuval - arboreal sp. Tropical evergreen, semi evergreen & Moist decidous forest. High Cannopy

 Habitat degradation - agriculture and plantation, Monoculture, dam, Hunting.

 (b) Grizzled giant squirrel

 Near threatened 

 Southern India (Kerala, TN) Srilanka

 Tropical dry decidous & Montane forest

 Habitat degradation agriculture and plantation, Monoculture, dam, Hunting.

 Himalyan Ibex

 Least Concern

 Central & Northeast Afghanistan, China, North (India) - Hima of Jammu and Kashmir & Himachal Pradesh Hindu Kush range (Karakoram, Trans-Himalayan)

 Mountain, open alpine meadow & crags (not in forest zone)

 Hunted for food. Habitat loss due to competition with livestock.

 Himalayan Thar

 Near threatened

 Himalaya China (Southern Tibet), North India (J.K. to Sikkim) & Nepal (Uttarkhand, H.P.).

Steep rocky mountain side (3000-4000). 

Grass, herb & fruit.

 Uncontrolled hunting & deforestation, habitat lose due to livestock grazing.

 Hispid Hare

 Endangered

 From Uttar Pradesh through Nepal, West Bengal to Assam (W.B., Assam, Bihar, U.P.)

 Tall grassland (Elephant Grass)

 Habitat loss, agri, logging, flood control and HD

 Hog budger

 Near threatened

 Central to South east Asia. Mongolia, India (Sikkim, Terai, Assam, A.P.), China, Indonesia, LaoPDR, Myanmar

 Diurnal, forested area (tuber root, earthworm, insects).

1) grass land - India Terai (Evergreen Forest)

 Hunting by Dogs & Man.

 Hoolock Gibbon

1) Western

2) Eastern

 Endangered

 Vulnerable

 Northeast India, Bangladesh (A.P., Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, Nagaland) Upto South of Brahamaputra & East of Dibang

 Southern China & Chindwin river Myanmar. Boundary between (2) Hoolock gibbon uncertain in chindwin head water.

 India not found (Expect Eastern A.P.)

 Forest dweller, locale, inhabit tropical evergreen (Tree to tree more)

 Hill forest, Mountainous, piro dominated forest

 Habitat loss, fragmentation, human interferences hunting,

 Habitat loss, fragmentation, human interferences hunting,

 Leopard

 Near threatened

 Southwest Asia, Himalayan foothills, India, China, Jawa, Srilanka “Leopards occur widely in forest of India - sub continent.

 Rainforest to desert. India - all forest type-tropical rainforest to temp deciduous and alpine coniferous.

 Habitat loss, (deforestation) peaching for illegal trade.

 Human attack on people.

 Leopard Cat

 Least Concern 

 Widespread up in Asia. Most of India west into pak. Afgh, through Himalayan foothill - across China, Russia.

 Upto 3000m, extent into river valley - Tropical to temp broad leaf, coniferous, grassland, cold steppe to desert Pakistan 

Commercial exploitation for skin.

Leopard Cat X Domestic Cat - hybridisation is also not threat.

 Red Panda

 Endangered

 Nepal, India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Southern China. (Meghalayan Plateau - North east India).

 Temparate Forest - having bamboo - thickest under stories

 Habitat loss, Fragmentation Poaching, inbreeding depression.

 Loin tailed Macaque

 Endangered

 Endemic “Western Ghat hills range in South Western India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)

 Upper canopy of primary tropical evergreen rainforest - Monsoon forest in hilly country

 Habitat fragmentation (Exotic plant - tea, Eucalyptus, Coffee)

 Indo-pacific Finlers porpoise

 Vulnerable

 Malabar West of India

 Coastal water, Shallow bay, Mangrove, Swamps and Estuaries.

 Susceptible to entanglement in gillnets. Pollution boat traffic.

 Red Slenderlori Gray Slenderlori 

 Endangered Least Concern

 Srilanka Southern eastern India (Andhra Pradesh, Kar, Kerala, TN) Srilanka

 Primarily insectivorous Near human habitation

 Habitat loss due to road kills, electrification, Medicine uses.

 Asian Caracal (Lynx)

 Least Concern

 Africa, Centralasia, Southwest Asia into India

 Semi desert, open savanna to moist wood land, evergreen forest.

 Habitat destruction, Hunting due to its attack on livestock 

 Malabar Civet

 Critically Endangered 

 Endemic western ghat, Coastal district of Western Ghats. Kanyakumari to Wayanad, Coorg - Karnataka 

 Lowland forest, lowland swamp and riparian forest in coastal plain district

 Habitat loss & degradation. Poaching for civet oil

 Sun Bear

 Vulnerable

 Southeast Asia, North eastern India, Southern China, Bangladesh

 Tropical forest habitat, Mangroves, Swamp

 Habitation, Commercial Hunting.

 Marbled Cat

 Vulnerable

 Tropical Indo-Malaya westward along Himalayan foot hills - Nepal & China, Sumatra Borneo.

 Moist - Mixed decidous evergreen tropical forest

 Deforestation - due to oil palm, logging, agriculture.

 Markhor

 Near threatened

 Northeast Afghan, Northern India (J & K), Pakistan, Uzbekistan. “Pir Panjal range”, Banihal pass on Jammu - Srinagar highway.

 Mountain terrain 600 m - 3600 m - feeds on grasses & leaves.

 Hunting and Habitat Alteration. (Armed conflict).

 Mouse Deer

 Least Concern

 India - from T.N. & Kerala infar south - north upto Rajasthan

 Tropical deciduous, Moist evergreen & Semi ever-green forest of Peninsular hill

 Hunting (for Meat purpose) - W.G. & E.G.

 Himalayan Musk Deer 

 Endangered 

 Himalayan of Bhutan, North India (Sikkim), Nepal & China

 Alpine environment, barren plateaus at high altitude meadows, fell fields, shurblands forest

 1. Hunting for Meat.

 2. Trade - Musk gland - Cosmetic / Pharmaceutical

 Nilgiri Langur

 Vulnerable

 Western Ghats in South Western India (Karnataka, Kerala, TN)

 Evergreen, Semi-evergreen Moist deciduous & riparian forest in lower altitude

 Hunted for skin, Medicine, Habitat loss, Mining, dam, road fills.

 Nilgiri Tahr

 Endangered

 5% of West Ghats in South India (Kerala & Tamil Nadu)

 High elevation, grass covered hills, open terrain

 Habitat loss & poaching.

 Indian Pangolin

 Near threatened

 South asia, Eastern part of pak to India (Except North East India). Himalayan to extreme South. India (TN, Kerala)

 Tropical forest, open land, grasslands, etc. High in human settlement area.

 Meat & Medicine. (for boots & shoes)

 Pygmy Hog

 Critically Endangered

 Northwest Bengal & North - Western Assam in India. Himalayan foot hill from Up to Assam

 Smallest & Rarest wild pig in world. Grassland - with shrub & tree

 Habitat loss, affecting natural succession.

 Greater onehorn Rhino

 Vulnerable

 Northern part - India along Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra basin includes Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Pakistan

 Riverine grassland - Terai. Alluvial grass land - swamps & forest

 Habitat loss, Poaching for horn - Medicinal use in China.

 Rusty spotted Cat

 Vulnerable

 India & Srilanka (confined to south)

 Moist & dry deciduous forest types, scrub & grassland - absent in evergreen forest.

 Habitat loss due to agriculture

 Himalayan Serow

 Near threatened

 Southeast Bangladesh, Himalaya (Bhutan, Northern India - Sikkim & Nepal), North east India & into west myanmar

 Steep hills & rocky places - limestone region upto 3000 m & hill & mountain foreat area.

 Meat & tropics, habitat destruction, for agriculture, fuelwood.

 Asia - small clawled offer

 Vulnerable

 India - Himalayan foothills of H.P. (Kulu), WB, Assam, A.P. & S.I. - Coorg (Karnataka), Ashambu, Nilgiri, Palani Hill (TN), Kerala 

 Wetland system - having pools & stagnant water. Fresh water swamp, meandering river, mangroves & tidal tools.

 Habitat destruction. Tea & Coffee cultivation

 Sloth Bear

 Vulnerable

 India, Nepal, Bhutan, Srilanka (From Gujarat - to NES) Western Ghats

 Wet & dry tropical forest, grasslands. Lowland species - 1500 m W.G. - upto 2000 m

 Habitat loss, poaching (harvesting of forest produce, Monoculture) (Medicine) - fat of bear

 Bengal slow lori

 Vulnerable

 Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, North - Eastern India (A.P., Assam etc).

 Arboreal, nocturnal species - tropical evergreen forest, semi & moist deciduous forest.

 Habitat loss - Farming, road building, dam, power line. Hunting - Medicine. 

 Travancore Flying squirrel

 Near Threatened

 Restricted to W.G. of Southern India and Srilanka. kerala & T.N. (from Brahmagiri Wildlife Santuary, Karnataka).

 Arboreal & Nocturnal Evergreen, decidous and montane forest

 Habitat loss due to agriculture & human settlement.

 Snubfin Dolphin

 Vulnerable

 Southeast Asia, India - Chilika lake.

 Coastal area with muddy, brackish water at river mouth.

 Habitat loss and degradation.

 Snow leopard

 Endangered

 High mountain of C.A, Pamir, Karakorum, Hindu Kush and Himalayan Range.

 India - “J.K., H.P., Sikkim, Uttarkhand).

 Alphine & Sub alphine ecological zone favouring steep terrain.

 Reduce in prey, illegal trade, people conflict, lack of conservation capacity policy & awarness.

 Swamp Deer

 Vulnerable

 Northern & Central India, Southwestern Nepal (Assam - Sunderbans (Indo - Gangetic)

 Open sal, with grass understorey and grassland forms, true swamp deer, Mangroves of Sunderban.

 Habitat loss - due to conversion into agriculture land.

 Chiru

 Endangered

 China, India ( J & K)

 High altitude plain, hill plateau & Montane valley

 Hunted for fur (Shahtosh) Quality - making “shawls”

 Tibetan Fox

 Least Concern

 Tibetan Plateau, Ladak area of India, China, Nepal

 Upland plains, hills - mostly spare grassland devoid of trees & shrub

 No Major threat

 Tibetan Gazelle

 Near threatened

 Qinghai - Tibet Plateau, India (ladak, Sikkim).

 High altitude plains, hills also grasses in wetland margin.

 Habitat loss.

 Kiang (Wild Ass)

 Least Concern

 Tibetan Plateau, China, Northern Pak, India, Nepal) Ladak & Sikkim

 Open terrain, plains, alphine meadows - where grasses & sedges abundant.

 Hunting, disease transmission from domestic livestock.

 Tiger

 Endangered

 Southwest Asia, Central Asia, (Java & Bali) - disappeared. Asian Countries - Bang, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Thailand & Vietnam

 Forest of tropical Asia

 Poaching, Man animal conflict, (bore antiinflammatory property)

 Urial

 Vulnerable

 India - Only (laddak), Central and South West Asia.

 Moderate to arid habitat grassland. 

 Poaching, Competition with livestock.

 Indian Buffalo

 Endangered

 S. Nepal, Southern Bhutan, Western Thailand, Northern Myanmar, India (Bastar region - M.P., Assam, AP, Meghalaya, Orissa, Maharastra)

 Low - lying Alluvial grassland, deciduous forest - with marshes & rivers.

 Interbreeding with feral & domestic buffalo, hunting & habitat loss.

 (a) Terrapin

 Critically Endangered

 Bangladesh, India, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia.

 Terrestrial nest sites, tidal area of largest river estuaries

 Trade

 (b) Tricarinate Hill Turtle

 Vulnerable

 Bangladesh, India

 Fully terrestrial

 Gharial

 Critically endangered 

 India - Chambal River, Girwa river. Pop - Son River Bihar, U.P.

 Terrestrial, Fresh Water

 Alternation of habitat, Fishing, Agriculture, grazing, utilization

 India Softshell Turtle 

 Vulnerable 

 Bangladesh, India (Ganges River), Pakistan

 Terrestrial, Fresh Water

 Trade in East Asian Market

 Green Turtle

 Endangered

 Throughout tropical water, lesser - subtropical. Indian ocean - east, west, mediterranean Sea, Pacific ocean

 Highly migratory, broad habitat during their lifetime.

 Harvest of egg & Adult from nesting beaches, retting, trawling.

 Hawsbill Turtle

 Critically endangered

 Throughout tropical water, larger extent subtropical, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific Ocean

 Highly migratory, broad habitat - during life time.

 Tortoises shell trade Egg collection, meat, Destruction of Nesting habitat, Foraging habitat, oil pollution, hybridisation

 Leather Back Turtle

 Vulnerable

 Leather back are distributed, with nesting site on tropical sandy beaches & foraging range that extent into temp / sup polar.

 Turtle inhabiting tropical, subtropical & sub polar extensive migration, different feeding area at different season.

 Habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, Fisheries by Catch.

 Olive Ridly

 Vulnerable

 Throughout tropical water (Except Mexico).

 Multiple habitat, Migration less compared to other - usually carred by major currents

 Targeted Exploitation, capturing, by catch in fisheries, Habitat impact, disease & predation

 Bengal Florican

 Critically endangered

 Two population 1. Indian Sub Continent - (U.P., Nepal, Assam, A.P.)

2. South - East Asia - Cambodia, Vietnam.

 lowland dry, natural & seminatural grassland, open forest.

 Modification of grassland, overgrazing, inappropriate cutting, burning & ploughing regimes, flooding, dam construction, illegal development.

 Black NeckedCrane

 Vulnerable

 China, Ladakh (A.P.) - India, Bhutan

 Alpine bog meadows & riverine marshes, lacustrine marshes. 

 Intensive grazing & pesticide use - result in degradation of grassland.

 Cheer Pheasant

 Vulnerable

 India - Kashmir, H.P., Uttarkhand, Pakistan, Nepal

 Rocky terrain dominated by scrub, tall grass & scattered clumb tree (1445 - 3050m)

 Hunted, egg consumption, construction project (dam, electricity).

 Forest Owlet

 Critically endangered

 Endemic - Central India, (North - Western Maharashtra, South-east M.P. Till 1997 only specimen, 2000 rediscovered.

 Open dry deciduous forest dominated by Teak, ground with grasses - typical owlet site.

 Forest destruction, human settlement & grazing.

 Barking Deer (or) Muntjac

 Least Concern

 Thai - Malay Peninsula, Greater Sundas (Borneo, Java, Bali, Sumatra)

 1. In forest & areas adjacent to forest

 2. In plantations of coffee rubber, sugarcane, teak

 Habitat encroachment & Hunting for freshmeat.

Chital

Least Concern

8 - 30° N in India (Including SIKKIM), Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Srilanka

WB - Eastern Rajasthan

NB - Foothills & Himalayas

EB - Western Assam

SB - Throughout Peninsular India

1. Avoids - Dense Moist forest

 Open semi arid & arid desert

2. Moist, dry deciduous

 day thorny scrub (or) grasslands - Habitat

Hunting & Competition with domestic livestock No Major threat

Goral (or) Wodgsoni

Near threatened

Bhutan, China (Southern Tibet) Northern India (Incl SIKKIM) Northern Pakistan Possibly Western Myanmar

1. Steep Mountains & will use evergreen forest near cliff

2. feed in grassy rights & steep rocky slopes

Habitat destruction Hunting competition of livestock

Hogdeer

Endangered

Pakistan, North & North Eastern India east across nonsundalic region

Marginally - Southern China

1. Wet (or) Moist tall grassland

2. Floodplain grassland

Hunting habitat cons degradation

Hyena

Near threatened

Africa, Arab peninsula Turkey. Indian Sub-continent recently to Nepal

1. Open habitat (or) light thorn

2. Avoids & open Desert

Persecution (poisoning) decrease in source

 Nilgai

 Least concern

 Widely distributed in India. lowland of Nepal & border areas of Pakistan extinct in Bangladesh

1. Arid areas, scrub, dry deciduous, agricultural areas

2. Avoid - Dense Forest, deserts

3. Browsers & grazers

1. Constructed as agricultural pest

2. Permit hunting if damage occurs.

Sambar

Vulnerable

India, East along Southern Himalayas India, Nepal, Bhutan, Srilanka

1. India - Thorn, arid forests of Gujarat & Rajasthan

2. Moist decidiuous forest throughout Peninsular

3. Pine & Oak trees at himalayan forest

1. Habitat encroachment

2. Hunting

Wild Pig

Least Concern

Occur in modified form in all continents except in Antarctica & on many oceanic Islands

1. Temperate & tropical habitats

2. Semi desert to tropical rainforest

1. Global lenes & No major threats

2. local lenes & Hunting & habitat destruction.

India’s Procupine

Least Concern

Turkey to Pakistan, India, China, Nepal & Srilanka

1. Rocky hill side

2. Tropical & temperate scrub land

Considered as Agricultural Pest - locals trap & use them for food.