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Seasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy PDF Download

Seasons in Indian & Monsoon

  • The Tropic of Cancer divides India into two almost equal climatic zones - the northern zone and the southern zone.
  • The warm temperate or the subtropical climate of the northern zone gives it cold winter seasons and the hot summer seasons.
  • The southern tropical climatic zone is warmer than the north and does not have a clear-cut winter season.

Seasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy

Seasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor AcademySeasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor AcademySeasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor AcademySeasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy

WIND DIRECTION- WINTER

Seasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy

WINTER RAINFALL

Seasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy

HOT WEATHER SEASON

  • It extends from March to May.
  • Vertical sun rays shift towards Northern hemisphere.
  • Temperature rises gradually from south to north.
  • Highest Temperature experiences in Karnataka in March, Madhya Pradesh in April and Rajastan in May.

Seasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor AcademySeasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor AcademySeasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor AcademySeasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy

Seasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor AcademySeasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy

Meaning

  • The word ‘Monsoon’ is derived from the Arabic word ‘Mausim’
  • Monsoon is reversal in the flow of pattern of the general atmosphere circulation over a wide geographical area.

Origin of Monsoon

Thermal concept: From Classical Theory of Hally (1686)

  • Generated by the differential seasoned heating of continental and oceanic areas.

outflow of air from the high pressure land areas to the low pressure areas resulting into NE Monsoon

Seasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor AcademySeasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor AcademySeasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy

Dynamic Concept-Propounded by Flohn (1951):

  • According to him monsoon is the seasonal migration of planetary winds and presure belts following the sun.
  • Over the land the annual temperature changes are relatively larger because of which the seasonal shifts of temperature and pressure belts amount to many degrees.

Seasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy

 

  • Due to the shifting the major part of the Indian subcontinent comes under impact of Equatorial Westerlies.
  • During winter due to southward shifting of pressure and wind belt the planetary system of northeast trade winds is established over the region.
  • Hence this theory explains the existence of monsoon not by the temperature, contrasts between land and sea, but by the annual migration of thermally produced planetary winds and pressure belts.

Recent Concepts

Jet Streams:

  • Jet streams are high altitude geostrophic winds (i.e.. Blowing parallel to equator) blowing between middle latitude at high speed in a meandering course.
  • During winter season the upper air westerly jet streams are positioned in Asia.
  • These are bifurcated in two branches due to Tibet Himalayan obstruction.
  • North branch blows north of Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau.
The document Seasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. | Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy is a part of the UPSC Course Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy.
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FAQs on Seasons in Indian (Part -1) - Geography, UPSC, IAS. - Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy

1. What are the different seasons in India?
Ans. India experiences four main seasons - winter, summer, monsoon, and post-monsoon. However, the duration and intensity of these seasons can vary across different regions of the country.
2. When does the winter season occur in India?
Ans. Winter season in India usually occurs from December to February. During this time, temperatures drop significantly in most parts of the country, especially in the northern regions, and in some places, snowfall can also be observed.
3. Which months are considered as the summer season in India?
Ans. The summer season in India typically spans from March to May. During this period, temperatures rise significantly, and certain regions, particularly in the northern plains, experience extreme heatwaves.
4. What is the monsoon season in India?
Ans. The monsoon season in India is characterized by the arrival of heavy rainfall brought by the southwest monsoon winds. It generally begins in June and lasts until September. The monsoon is crucial for agriculture and plays a vital role in replenishing water resources in the country.
5. When does the post-monsoon season occur in India?
Ans. The post-monsoon season in India occurs from October to November. During this time, the monsoon gradually withdraws, and rainfall decreases. The weather becomes relatively cooler, and the transition from monsoon to winter begins.
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