September 9 – Essay: 2025 | UPSC Daily Answer Writing Practice PDF Download

Education As a Short of Commodity Today

structure

(1) Opening    —    Change of attitude of the people.

    —    The intrinsic value of education is no longer recognised.

(2) Body    —    Demand for education has been growing but quality has not kept pace with it.

    —    Education in the past.

    —    Parents of today pushing their children into certain grooves of academic activity.

    —    Self-financing colleges.

    —    Private management.

    —    Conducts of examinations by different agencies.

    —    Adoption of unfair means. 

    —    Neglect of languages, the humanities and social sciences.

(3) Closing    —    Study of humanity should be encouraged.

Over the past three decades, there has been a sea change in the attitudes of people connected with education. Teachers, administrators and planners, students and parents are all looking at education as a sort of commodity  that leads on to better earnings and status in society. It is not surprising that it is so. But what is unfortunate is another development leading to an attitudinal change in society. The intrinsic value of education is no longer recognised  although pious platitudes are mouthed quite frequently.

The main reason is that the flux of change has caught up with education much more dramatically than with other areas of activity. While the demand for education has been growing steadily in the  developing countries including India, 

quality has not kept pace with it. Another factor, and an equally disturbing one, is the politicisation of the campuses. Not only colleges and universities, even high schools seem to be getting infected by this virus. It is not uncommon to find on many campuses pedagogues espousing the cause of one political party or the other, no in any academic sense, but with a fervour that would do a party spokesman proud.

About 30 years ago, student unions and debating societies discussed live political issues. The debates were of a high level with the participants thorough in their home work. Communication skills too were good and even those who set their sights on politics as a career went through this exercise with earnestness and sincerity. Similarly, mock parliaments marked the academic calendar in  many colleges; the professors in charge spent a lot of time and energy guiding students and training them in the art of debating.

These debates attracted a large number of students who came to cheer  their compatriots. There was on all sides a desire to learn, be informed and to enlarge the mental horizon. This aspect, which made college life in the fifties and sixties valuable, is sadly missing today on a vast majority of the campuses. Yet another aspect is that the pedagogues were by and large scholars who believed in furthering knowledge. They had an abundant love for their students and could spare time for those who cane to clarify their doubts. Thus, the mutual bond of affection and scholarship helped cement a life-long relationship between the teacher and the taught. This is conspicuous by its absence today.

These losses cannot be counterbalanced by an impressive infrastructure in the form of stately buildings and an array of instruments in laboratories. The human material of the earlier years did in a large measure fulfil the task set out for it, namely becoming teachers in the true sense of the word and this was done in an environment of virtual poverty of hardware. It is here that the mentors of the olden days score over the pedagogues of today. Perhaps, the teachers of those days worked in a spirit of self-effacement. An inexhaustible love for learning characterised their daily schedule and this got transformed into an abiding love for teaching. In a way, this was the next best that one could wish for in the place of the ancient “gurukula” pattern. But the institutionalised classroom instruction has degenerated in the last three decades for several reasons.

The unholy preoccupation with things that are material (which, of course, is the result of the present consumerist trend), the craving to get rich quickly, the closing of the avenues for certain fields of study to the youth who genuinely pine for these and the decadence that has set in society as a result of the erosion of ethical values are to blame. Caste considerations in the selection of candidates to courses and jobs are also contributing factors. Educationists, by and large, feel that this type of affirmative action by the Centre and the State Governments has been carried to the extreme and needs to be modified to meet the aspirations of the rising generation.

It is a pity that parents are now intent on pushing their children into certain grooves of academic activity. This is evident from the obsession of parents with getting for their wards seats in the professional institutions. There are instances of middle class parents becoming almost paranoid about seats in engineering and medical colleges.

The proliferation of these “self-financing” colleges has in a way satisfied this great demand. But the categorisation  of seats under the labels “free” or “meritbased” and “payment” has led to an anomalous situation. The students selected under the “free” seat quota are perforce to pay tuition fees as prescribed for the Government or aided colleges. Often, the hapless scholars have to pay something more on the sly, especially while opting for preferred courses such as computer science and engineering. But those selected under the “payment” category have to shell out three or four times more. Not unexpectedly, this type of differentiation — two sets of students paying vastly different fees for the same course — produces in the minds of the youth a distorted sense of values.

To be fair to the private managements, it must be said that the cost of establishing and running a professional college has gone up steeply in the last few years. Also, the pressure on the managements to improve the facilities has increased, thanks to the statutory bodies such as the All-India Council for Technical Education and the Medical Council of India. The objective, no doubt, is to make the errant managements who are in the habit of commercialising education mend their ways. This has had a salutary effect in almost every State where the self-financing colleges came up.

The conduct of examinations by different agencies including the school boards and universities, is another prickly issue. In the last few decades, the number of candidates appearing for various public examinations right from the School level to the degree and post-graduate levels has grown up by leaps and bounds. Indeed, it is becoming unmanageable (running into lakhs of candidates in certain categories) for any centralised agency such as the school boards.

A strong case can be made out for decentralising the system taking care at the same time that a modicum of uniformity in evaluation and assessment of answer-scripts in maintained. What is to be guarded against is the leakage of question papers that has come to characterise the modern scene. The “necessary evil” of examinations cannot in the present context be replaced by any other system: the only remedy is to make the entire process, right from the setting up of question papers, invigilation, paper despatch and valuation to the announcement of results fool-proof. Whenever a reexamination is ordered, it is the hard-working, studious candidates who undergo greater hardship. The curbing of malpractices is only one aspect, refining the techniques of evaluation and selection of teachers of integrity to be in charge of the process is the crucial part.

Campus-watchers are struck by the distortion that has crept into the academic field in the last three decades, namely the neglect of languages, the humanities and the social sciences. A study of subjects such as history, politics, sociology, economics, psychology, philosophy, languages and literature provides for a deeper understanding of human relationships, behaviour and social currents. A majority of students go in for sciences and commerce. While this trend is in consonance with the science and technology age, the skewed preference for these subjects may not in the long run benefit society.

There must be some way of making the humanities attractive to youth, both from the point of view of employment opportunities and from a higher plane. Also, the teachers who handle the subjects must be men and women of exceptional ability, capable of sparking student interest. Unfortunately, such teachers are dwindling in numbers all over the country. A vigorous effort must be made to attract talented youth to the humanities which are essential for the evolution of human development.