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Shankar IAS: Summary of Environmental Impact Assessment - Famous Books for UPSC Exam (Summary & Tests)


  • Notification on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of developmental projects 1994 under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 making EIA mandatory for 29 categories of developmental projects.
  • One more item was added to the list in January 2000. environmental impact assessment statutory for 30 activities Environment Impact Assessment Notification of 2006 has categorized the developmental projects in two categories, i.e., Category A and Category B Ministry of Environment & Forests Category A' projects are appraised at the national level by an expert appraisal committee
  • India has constituted the State-Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) and State-Level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) to decentralize the environmental clearance process
  • The objective of EIA is to foresee and address potential environmental problems/ concerns at an early stage of project planning and design.

The EIA notification establishes four stages for obtaining Environmental Clearance

  • Screening
  • Scoping and consideration of alternatives Baseline data collection • Impact prediction
  • Assessment of alternatives, delineation of mitigation measures, and environmental impact statement
  • Public hearing
  • Environment Management Plan Decision makings
  • Monitoring the clearance conditions
  • Screening-It is only for Categories B

Screening Criteria are based upon the following:

  • Scales of investment;
  • Type of development; and Location of development
  • B1 Categories projects require Environmental Impact Assessment while B2 category projects are exempted from EIA.
  • State Level Expert Appraisal Committee determines about project categories
The document Shankar IAS: Summary of Environmental Impact Assessment | Famous Books for UPSC Exam (Summary & Tests) is a part of the UPSC Course Famous Books for UPSC Exam (Summary & Tests).
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FAQs on Shankar IAS: Summary of Environmental Impact Assessment - Famous Books for UPSC Exam (Summary & Tests)

1. What is Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?
Ans. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process used to identify and evaluate the potential environmental effects of a proposed project or development. It is a crucial tool for decision-making, as it helps in predicting and mitigating the adverse impacts on the environment and human health.
2. How is Environmental Impact Assessment conducted?
Ans. Environmental Impact Assessment is conducted through a systematic and comprehensive process. It involves the identification of potential impacts, collection of baseline data, prediction and evaluation of impacts, development of mitigation measures, and monitoring and follow-up of the project's environmental performance.
3. What are the key components of Environmental Impact Assessment?
Ans. The key components of Environmental Impact Assessment include scoping, baseline data collection, impact prediction and evaluation, mitigation measures, environmental management plan, and monitoring and follow-up. These components help in assessing the potential environmental impacts of a project and developing strategies to minimize or mitigate them.
4. Why is Environmental Impact Assessment important for sustainable development?
Ans. Environmental Impact Assessment plays a crucial role in sustainable development by ensuring that the environmental consequences of a project are considered before its implementation. It helps in identifying potential risks, evaluating alternatives, and developing measures to minimize the negative impacts on the environment, thereby promoting sustainable development practices.
5. What is the role of Environmental Impact Assessment in the UPSC exam?
Ans. Environmental Impact Assessment is an important topic for the UPSC exam, especially in the Environmental Science and Ecology sections. Candidates are expected to have a thorough understanding of the concept, process, and significance of EIA. It is essential to comprehend the various components and steps involved in EIA to answer related questions in the UPSC exam effectively.
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