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FAQs on Sociology as a Science - Sociology Optional for UPSC (Notes)
| 1. What are the main characteristics that define sociology as a science? |  |
Ans. Sociology is defined as a science due to its systematic study of society, social relationships, and social institutions. The main characteristics include the use of empirical research methods to gather data, the formulation of theories based on observations, the ability to test hypotheses, and the reliance on critical analysis of social phenomena. This rigorous approach allows sociologists to understand patterns of behavior and social dynamics.
| 2. How does sociology differ from other social sciences? | |
Ans. Sociology differs from other social sciences, such as psychology, anthropology, and economics, by its focus on social structures and group interactions rather than individual behavior or specific cultural practices. While psychology may study individual mental processes and behavior, sociology looks at how societal forces shape collective behaviors, norms, and values across different groups and institutions.
| 3. What research methods are commonly used in sociological studies? | |
Ans. Common research methods in sociology include quantitative methods like surveys and statistical analysis, which allow for the measurement of social phenomena, and qualitative methods such as interviews, participant observation, and content analysis, which provide deeper insights into social contexts and meanings. Researchers often use a combination of these methods in mixed-methods approaches to gain a comprehensive understanding of social issues.
| 4. Why is it important to study sociology in the context of contemporary issues? | |
Ans. Studying sociology is crucial in understanding contemporary issues such as inequality, social change, and globalization. It provides insights into how societal structures influence individual behavior and collective phenomena, helping to address pressing problems like poverty, discrimination, and social justice. By applying sociological perspectives, individuals and policymakers can develop informed strategies to create positive social change.
| 5. What role does theory play in sociology as a science? | |
Ans. Theory plays a fundamental role in sociology as it helps to explain and predict social phenomena. Sociological theories, such as functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism, provide frameworks for understanding the complexities of social life. These theories guide research, shape questions, and help interpret findings, thus enhancing the scientific rigor and applicability of sociological studies.
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Sep 09, 2025
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