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Spontaneity: Enthalpy & Entropy with Spontaneity Video Lecture | Physical Chemistry for NEET
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FAQs on Spontaneity: Enthalpy & Entropy with Spontaneity Video Lecture - Physical Chemistry for NEET
| 1. What is the relationship between enthalpy and spontaneity? |  |
Ans. Enthalpy is a measure of the heat energy change in a system, while spontaneity refers to the tendency of a reaction to occur without external influence. The relationship between enthalpy and spontaneity is determined by the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of a reaction. If ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous and can proceed in the forward direction. For exothermic reactions (negative enthalpy change), a decrease in enthalpy increases the likelihood of spontaneity.
| 2. How does entropy affect the spontaneity of a reaction? | |
Ans. Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. In terms of spontaneity, an increase in entropy generally favors spontaneous reactions. When the entropy of the system increases (ΔS > 0), the randomness or disorder in the system increases, making the reaction more likely to occur spontaneously. This is because spontaneous reactions tend to move towards a state of greater disorder.
| 3. Can a reaction with a positive enthalpy change be spontaneous? | |
Ans. Yes, a reaction with a positive enthalpy change can still be spontaneous if the increase in entropy (ΔS) is significant enough to offset the positive enthalpy change. The spontaneity of a reaction is determined by the overall change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG), which takes into account both enthalpy and entropy. If ΔG is negative, the reaction can still be spontaneous, even with a positive enthalpy change.
| 4. How can the concept of spontaneity be applied to real-life situations? | |
Ans. The concept of spontaneity is applicable to various real-life situations. For example, it helps us understand the direction in which chemical reactions occur naturally, such as the combustion of fuels or the decomposition of organic matter. It also plays a role in understanding natural processes like weathering, erosion, and biological reactions. Additionally, the concept of spontaneity is crucial in industries such as chemical engineering and pharmaceuticals, where the design and optimization of reactions rely on understanding their spontaneity.
| 5. What factors other than enthalpy and entropy can influence the spontaneity of a reaction? | |
Ans. Apart from enthalpy and entropy, other factors that can influence the spontaneity of a reaction include temperature and pressure. Increasing the temperature generally increases the likelihood of spontaneity as it provides more energy for the reactant particles to overcome activation barriers. Pressure can also impact spontaneity, particularly in reactions involving gases. For example, increasing the pressure can favor the reaction that reduces the number of gaseous moles, following Le Chatelier's principle.
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