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Structure of Proteins and Chemical Reactions Video Lecture | Biology Class 11 - NEET
FAQs on Structure of Proteins and Chemical Reactions Video Lecture - Biology Class 11 - NEET
| 1. What are the four levels of protein structure? |  |
Ans. The four levels of protein structure are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. The primary structure refers to the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The secondary structure involves local folding into shapes like alpha helices and beta sheets due to hydrogen bonding. The tertiary structure is the overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain, stabilized by various interactions, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. Finally, the quaternary structure refers to the assembly of multiple polypeptide chains into a functional protein complex.
| 2. How do enzymes facilitate chemical reactions? | |
Ans. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. They bind to substrates at their active site, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. This interaction stabilizes the transition state, making it easier for the reaction to proceed. Enzymes are specific to their substrates and can be regulated by various factors, including temperature, pH, and the presence of inhibitors or activators.
| 3. What factors affect protein folding? | |
Ans. Protein folding is influenced by several factors, including the amino acid sequence (primary structure), environmental conditions like temperature and pH, and the presence of chaperone proteins that assist in proper folding. Additionally, interactions such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, and hydrophobic effects play a significant role in stabilizing the folded structure of proteins.
| 4. What is the role of protein denaturation? | |
Ans. Protein denaturation refers to the process in which a protein loses its native structure and, consequently, its function due to the disruption of non-covalent interactions and bonds. Factors such as extreme temperatures, pH changes, and exposure to chemicals can lead to denaturation. While denatured proteins may regain their structure and function upon returning to normal conditions in some cases, others may remain permanently inactive.
| 5. How do chemical reactions in proteins relate to metabolism? | |
Ans. Chemical reactions in proteins are crucial for metabolism, as they facilitate various biochemical processes necessary for life. Enzymes, which are proteins, catalyze metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of nutrients for energy, the synthesis of biomolecules, and the regulation of metabolic pathways. These reactions are tightly regulated to maintain homeostasis and ensure that cells function efficiently.
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