Technology Transfer | Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science Optional for UPSC PDF Download

Generation of Technology, Its Transfer and Feedback

• Introduction to New Technologies

  • New technologies are continuously developed to enhance agricultural production and improve livestock.
  • For instance, special seed varieties like drought-resistant crops are created for regions susceptible to drought.
  • In areas with limited irrigation, short-duration paddy may be cultivated.

• Planning a Tour

  • Decide on the locations to be visited and the topics to be explored.
  • Select appropriate group members and leaders for the tour.
  • Discuss tour details with participants, including dates, transportation, and other arrangements.

• Conducting the Tour

  • Ensure the group's interests are prioritized throughout the tour.
  • Encourage active engagement and discussion at the tour sites.
  • Allow time for questions and note-taking.

• Follow-up Actions

  • Collect feedback from tour participants individually and in groups.
  • Encourage participants to take actionable steps based on their tour experiences.
  • Recognize and appreciate outstanding participants and utilize their knowledge for teaching others.

• Precautions for Tour Conduct

  • Advance planning is crucial for successful tours.
  • Form homogeneous groups for specialized tours and representative groups for general tours.
  • Ensure manageable group sizes to facilitate better coordination and participation.

• Key Sites for Conducted Tours

  • Sites for tours may include research stations, training centers, model villages, and government livestock farms.
  • Exhibitions, farmer seminars, and conferences are also valuable locations for educational tours.

• Advantages and Limitations

  • Conducted tours inspire action and active participation among attendees.
  • They facilitate better understanding between participants and extension workers.
  • However, conducted tours can be costly and require careful planning to avoid failure.

• Role of Extension Workers

  • Extension workers play a crucial role in the development and transfer of new agricultural technologies.
  • They act as intermediaries between researchers and farmers, facilitating the adoption of innovative practices.
  • Extension workers are instrumental in educating farmers about new technologies and ensuring their effective implementation.

Challenges in Technology Transfer to Rural Areas

• Resistance to Change:
  • Lack of acceptance of new ideas and techniques by farmers due to various misconceptions.
  • Example: Reluctance to adopt disease-resistant paddy strains developed by scientists.
• Financial Constraints:
  • Farmers facing financial challenges in affording new practices.
  • Example: Inability to pay for costly fertilizers compared to free natural manure.
• Social and Cultural Factors:
  • Interference from factions in the village based on social, domestic, religious, or caste reasons.
  • Example: Opposition from others when one tries to adopt improved practices.
• Role of Extension Worker:
  • Importance of extension workers in educating farmers about the benefits of new technologies.
  • Example: Facilitating access to subsidies, bank loans, and acting as a bridge between farmers and officials.

Relevance of Technology Transfer

• Global Disparities:
  • Discrepancies in the suitability of technology transferred to developed and developing countries.
  • Example: Inappropriate technology exacerbating income gaps and social disparities.
• Dependency on Foreign Entities:
  • Challenges arising from reliance on foreign capital, expertise, and consumer preferences.
  • Example: Introducing advanced technology leading to societal disruptions and unemployment.

Animal Husbandry Programs for Rural Development

• Importance of Livestock Rearing:
  • Recognition of livestock as a vital component of rural development.
  • Example: Integration of livestock components in various rural development programs.
• Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP):
  • Main poverty alleviation program aimed at providing productive assets to families below the poverty line.
  • Example: Support for livestock schemes like dairy, sheep, goats, and pigs within IRDP.

LEGOWN ES DDP Summary

Desert Development Programme (DDP)

• Implemented in Western Himalayas (cold arid) and in Western Dry and Gujarat Plains and Hills (hot arid) regions only.
• DPAP covers a vast drought-prone area in India, with the highest number of districts covered in different regions:
• 
  
  • Southern Plateau and Hills: 22 districts (162 Blocks)
  • Western Plateau and Hills: 21 districts (101 Blocks)
  • Eastern Plateau and Hills: 6 districts (62 Blocks)
  • Central Plateau and Hills: 14 districts (61 Blocks)
• Significant drought-prone tracts are found in Gujarat Plains and Hills, Middle Gangetic Plains, Lower Gangetic Plains, and Western Himalayas.
• Fodder production enhancement is feasible in all the mentioned regions/blocks under DPAP.

Integrated Tribal Development Programme (ITDP)

• Mainly focuses on tribal areas in specific regions:
• 
  
  • Eastern Himalayas: 41 districts
  • Eastern Plateau and Hills: 34 districts
  • Western Plateau and Hills: 29 districts
  • East Coast Plains and Hills: 15 districts
  • Lower Gangetic Plains: 10 districts
• In districts where tribal populations are concentrated in specific Blocks, they are addressed under the Modified Area Development Approach.
• Notable blocks under ITDP approach are found in Eastern Plateau and Hills, Central Plateau and Hills, East Coast Plains and Hills, Western Plateau and Hills, and Gujarat Plains and Hills regions.