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FAQs on The Concept Of Social System - Parsons - Sociology Optional for UPSC (Notes)
| 1. What is the definition of a social system according to Parsons? |  |
Ans. A social system, as defined by Talcott Parsons, refers to a complex network of interrelated components that work together to maintain social order and stability. It encompasses institutions, roles, norms, and values that guide individual behavior and interactions within a society.
| 2. How does Parsons describe the functions of social systems? | |
Ans. Parsons describes the functions of social systems in terms of four main functional prerequisites: adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency (or pattern maintenance). These functions are essential for the survival and effectiveness of any social system, ensuring that it can adapt to changes, achieve its goals, maintain order, and preserve its cultural values.
| 3. What role do norms and values play in Parsons' social system theory? | |
Ans. In Parsons' social system theory, norms and values serve as the foundation for social cohesion and integration. They provide guidelines for acceptable behavior and establish expectations for individuals within the society. This shared understanding fosters cooperation and helps maintain stability within the social system.
| 4. How does Parsons' concept of social system relate to individual behavior? | |
Ans. Parsons' concept of social system posits that individual behavior is largely influenced by the social structures and norms established within the system. Individuals are seen as actors who perform roles defined by the social system, and their actions are shaped by the expectations and values of the society they belong to.
| 5. What are some criticisms of Parsons' social system theory? | |
Ans. Critics of Parsons' social system theory argue that it tends to overlook the dynamics of power and conflict within societies. They claim that his focus on stability and consensus may ignore the complexities of social change and the role of individual agency. Additionally, some scholars suggest that Parsons' model is too abstract and does not adequately account for the diversity and variability of social systems across different cultures.
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