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A Verdict on the Money Bill that India Awaits
Why in News?
In the coming weeks, a seven-judge Bench of the Supreme Court of India is slated to hear arguments over critical questions governing the contours of a Money Bill. The Court’s ultimate ruling will have ramifications on a slew of legislation that has been enacted in recent years without the Rajya Sabha’s approval. At stake too in the case are the future of India’s federal architecture and the various delicate balances on which the Constitution’s divisions of power rest.
- Money Bill is defined in Article 110 of the Indian Constitution. It deals with financial issues such as taxation, government spending, and so on. Money Bills are governed by 3 articles 108, 109, 110, 111, and 117 of the Constitution and Rules 72, 96, 103 to 108 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha.
- Money Bill is one of the most important topics for the UPSC IAS Examination. In this article on the Money Bill, we shall discuss its features, definition, characteristics & other details. This will be very useful for aspirants in the UPSC Prelims Exam.
What is Money Bill?
- According to Article 110(1) of the Constitution, a Bill becomes a Money Bill if it focuses solely on matters like taxes - imposing, removing, reducing, changing, or controlling them.
- It also includes managing how the government of India borrows money or provides guarantees, changing laws related to financial duties, overseeing the Consolidated Fund or Contingency Fund of India, allocating funds from the Consolidated Fund, specifying expenses funded by the Consolidated Fund, and handling the collection, safekeeping, or examination of funds linked to the Consolidated Fund or the public account of India.
Certification of Money Bill
- A Money Bill can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha.
- If there is any doubt about whether a Bill is a Money Bill, the decision of the Lok Sabha Speaker is final.
- The Speaker of the Lok Sabha does not have to ask anyone before deciding if a Bill is a Money Bill.
- When a Bill is sent to the Rajya Sabha and the President for approval, the Speaker's endorsement confirming it as a Money Bill must be included and signed.
- Once the Speaker certifies a Bill as a Money Bill, that decision is final and cannot be disputed.
- A Money Bill cannot be sent to a Joint Committee of the Houses.
Categories of Money Bills in India
Major Provisions for Money Bill in Indi- Only the Lower House (Lok Sabha) can introduce a Money Bill. This rule gives the Lok Sabha more power over the Upper House (Rajya Sabha).
- A Money Bill just needs a simple majority in the Lok Sabha to pass. The Rajya Sabha can suggest changes to the Bill, but the Lok Sabha doesn't have to agree to them.
- The Speaker of the Lok Sabha can decide if a Bill is a Money Bill or not. This decision is final and can't be challenged in court.
- The Rajya Sabha has 14 days to review and send back a Money Bill to the Lok Sabha. If they don't return it within this time, the Bill is considered passed by both Houses.
- Once the Lok Sabha approves a Money Bill, it goes to the President for approval. The President can't refuse to approve a Money Bill.
Money Bill and Rajya Sabha
- Rajya Sabha is required to return a Money Bill passed and transmitted by Lok Sabha within a period of fourteen days from the date of its receipt.
- The period of fourteen days is computed from the date of receipt of the Bill in the Rajya Sabha Secretariat and not from the date on which it is laid on the Table of Rajya Sabha.
- Rajya Sabha may return a Money Bill transmitted to it with or without its recommendations.
- If a Money Bill is returned by Rajya Sabha without any recommendation, it is presented to the President for assent.
- If a Money Bill is returned by Rajya Sabha with recommendations, it is laid on the Table of Lok Sabha.
- Any Minister in the case of a Government Bill or any member in the case of a private member's Bill after giving two days' notice, or with the consent of the Speaker without notice, moves that the amendments recommended by Rajya Sabha be taken into consideration.
- Provisions of article 108 regarding a joint sitting of both Houses do not apply to a Money Bill.
Assent to Money Bill in India
- The Lok Sabha Secretariat's duty is to get approval for all Money Bills once they are passed by Parliament.
- The President can approve or reject a Money Bill.
- According to the Constitution, the President cannot send back a Money Bill for further discussion.
Article 110 outlines specific conditions that determine if a bill is not a money bill.
- A bill that enforces fines or penalties is not considered a Money Bill because fines are punishments, not government income.
- Bills requiring fees for licenses or services like passport or court fees are not Money Bills as these fees are for specific services, not for the government's funds.
- Bills related to local taxes managed by local authorities for local purposes are not Money Bills because these taxes are not part of the central government's finances.
Issues Associated with Misuse of Money Bill
The misuse of the money bill can lead to certain issues. Some of these issues include:
- The rules state that a money bill should not be misused to avoid proper examination by the Rajya Sabha.
- In the past, bills like the Aadhaar Act have been passed under money bills, creating doubts about the legality of using money bills for non-financial matters.
- The speaker alone can decide if a bill qualifies as a money bill, leading to accusations of biased decision-making.
- Money bills must stick to financial topics and not include unrelated provisions to respect the division of powers. However, there have been instances of mixing non-financial matters with money bills.
Controversies Related To Money Bill in India
- A new suggested rule called the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial & Other Subsidies Benefits & Services) Bill, 2016 was presented as a money bill in March 2016 due to the Government's large majority in the Lok Sabha.
- The opposing party argued that a money bill should not contain more than 40 modifications to other laws that are unrelated to finances.
- Because only the Lok Sabha needs to approve Money Bills, laws are excluded from review by the parliament.
- This is worrying because the Rajya Sabha is also a vital part of the Parliament.
- Therefore, crucial laws like the one concerning the Aadhar Act should be debated and approved by both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
Propelling the U.K. and India story
Why in News?
Two democracies, two elections and two path-breaking results. In June this year, Prime Minister Narendra Modi became the second leader in Indian history to win a third consecutive term. In July, the Labour Party under Sir Keir Starmer achieved a landslide victory in the United Kingdom. This is a new chapter of the U.K.-India partnership.
About India UK Relations
- India and the United Kingdom have a strong modern partnership rooted in deep historical connections.
- In 2004, the relationship between India and the UK was upgraded to a Strategic Partnership, a significant advancement.
- The Strategic Partnership is detailed in a Joint Declaration called 'India-UK: towards a new and dynamic partnership', which envisions yearly Summits and regular meetings between Foreign Ministers.
- Collaborative ties between India and the UK cover various sectors like civil nuclear energy, space, defense, counter-terrorism, economic relations, science & technology, education, and culture.
- The UK backs India's quest for permanent membership in the United Nations Security Council. Also, the UK plays a vital role for India in the European Union (EU), Group of Eight (G-8), G20, and other global arenas.
History of India UK RelationsBilateral Ties between Indian and the UK
- India and the UK have a lengthy history of connections that go back many years.
- Significant Moments:
- The British East India Company started operations in India during the 17th century.
- This led to British control over the Indian subcontinent from the mid-1800s until India became independent in 1947.
- India gained freedom from British rule in 1947.
- This led to the division of British India into India and Pakistan.
- Upon gaining independence, India joined the Commonwealth of Nations, previously called the British Commonwealth.
- The Commonwealth has been a platform for collaboration and discussions between India and the UK.
- Since independence, India and the UK have maintained diplomatic ties.
- Their engagements cover various areas like commerce, culture, education, and defense.
- Throughout the years, India and the UK have endeavored to enhance their connections and form a contemporary partnership.
- This is built on mutual values, economic collaboration, and interactions between people.
Bilateral Ties between Indian and the UK
Political Relations
- India and the UK have deep historical and cultural ties.
- India maintains a high commission in London, along with consulates-general in Birmingham and Edinburgh.
- The UK houses a high commission in New Delhi and deputy high commissions in cities such as Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, and Kolkata.
- The United Kingdom is home to over 1.5 million people of Indian origin.
- Both countries are members of the World Trade Organization and the Asian Development Bank.
- Three Indian Presidents—Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Ramaswamy Venkataraman, and Pratibha Patil—have visited the UK on official occasions.
- Indian Prime Ministers like Manmohan Singh and Narendra Modi have also journeyed to the UK during their tenures.
- Queen Elizabeth II of the UK has conducted state visits to India in November 1963, April 1990, and October 1997.
- Regular exchanges of Prime Ministerial visits have occurred since the inception of the Strategic Partnership in 2004.
Economic Relations
- The economic and trade discussions between India and the UK are guided by formal talks in the India-UK Joint Economic & Trade Committee, Economic and Financial Dialogue, and India-UK Financial Partnership.
- Indian big businesses have made a significant impact on the UK's business scene and economy. In 2019, companies from India in the UK generated more than 48 billion pounds.
- In September 2017, the Indian High Commission in the UK, with support from the UK India Business Council, introduced the Access India Programme. This special program was established to help more small and medium-sized businesses in the UK export to India.
Trade Relations
- The United Kingdom is a significant trading partner of India.
- In 2016-17, the UK was the 15th largest among the top 25 trading partners of India.
- Based on trade statistics from the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, India's trade with the UK in 2017-2018 was valued at US $14.497 billion.
- India exports various products to the UK such as clothing, machinery, petroleum products, textiles, footwear, medicines, and metal products.
- Imports from the UK to India consist of machinery, metals, ores, industrial equipment, beverages, electrical appliances, scientific instruments, and chemicals.
Investment Relations
- The United Kingdom is the fourth largest country investing money into India, following Mauritius, Singapore, and Japan. They have invested a total of US $26.09 billion from April 2000 to June 2018.
- Britain contributes around 7% of all money coming into India from foreign countries.
- Based on information from 2018, India was the third biggest investor in the UK and the second biggest creator of jobs internationally, with Indian businesses making over 110,000 job opportunities in the UK.
- By December 2018, Indian companies in the UK had a combined revenue of £47.5 billion. The technical and telecom sector made up 31% of this revenue, while the pharmaceuticals and chemicals sector accounted for 24%.
Educational Cooperation
- The UK-India Education and Research Initiative (UKIERI) began in 2005, focusing on higher education, research, schools, and professional and technical skills.
- Other educational ventures between the two nations include the Joint Working Group on Education, Newton-Bhabha Fund, and Scholarship programs, all aimed at maintaining strong ties.
- During the Indian Prime Minister's visit to the UK in November 2015, multiple education-related announcements were made:
- 2016 was designated as the UK-India year of Education, Research, and Innovation.
- Plans were unveiled to establish virtual partnerships at the school level, allowing youth from each country to experience the other's educational system and gain insight into culture, traditions, and social structures.
- The UK pledged to send 25,000 UK students to India through the Generation UK-India program by 2020, including 1,000 UK interns with Tata Consultancy Services in India by the same year.
- The third phase of the UK India Education and Research Initiative was launched.
- The UK also expressed support for the Skills India Mission and committed up to £12 million towards it.
Cultural Cooperation
- In July 2010, India and the UK signed a Memorandum of Understanding on Cultural Cooperation.
- The Nehru Centre (TNC), established in 1992 in London, is the cultural outreach of the High Commission of India in the UK. It organises a wide range of cultural events at its premises.
- Indian culture has gradually become mainstream in the UK, with the absorption of Indian cuisine, cinema, languages, religion, philosophy, performing arts, and more.
- To commemorate 70 years of India’s independence, a Midnight Freedom Run was organised in London by the High Commission of India in the midnight hours of August 14-15, 2017.
Defence Relations
- Defence cooperation is another crucial pillar of bilateral cooperation between India and the UK.
- In November 2015, the two countries agreed to elevate their defence relationship by establishing capability partnerships in strategic areas.
- Joint exercises and extensive exchanges between the three services are conducted regularly.
- As of January 2013, the UK Parliament had 8 MPs and 24 Lords of Indian origin.
- In addition, there were over 180 councillors of Indian origin elected to Councils across the UK.
- The Indian diaspora in the UK is one of the largest ethnic minority communities in the country.
- The 2011 census recorded approximately 1.5 million people of Indian origin in the UK.
- This community contributes 6% of the country's GDP.
Significance of UK to India
- The relationship between India and the UK has been deeply influenced by their shared history. This historical connection has impacted various aspects of both nations, such as their culture, politics, and legal systems.
- India and the UK share a significant trade partnership which contributes to the economic growth and job opportunities in both countries.
- Many Indian students choose the UK as a favored destination for higher education. Collaborations between educational institutions from both nations promote the exchange of knowledge and research.
- Within the UK, there exists a substantial Indian diaspora community. This community plays a vital role in enhancing the cultural diversity and economic progress of both India and the UK.
- India and the UK collaborate in defense matters to address common security threats. This collaboration includes activities such as joint military drills, sharing intelligence, and working together on counterterrorism initiatives.
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FAQs on The Hindu Editorial Analysis- 2nd August 2024 - Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis: Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC
| 1. What is the significance of the Money Bill that India is awaiting? |  |
Ans. The Money Bill in India is crucial as it determines the government's financial policies, allocation of funds, and overall budget for various programs and initiatives.
| 2. How does the Money Bill impact the U.K. and India story? | |
Ans. The Money Bill plays a significant role in shaping the economic relationship between the U.K. and India, as it reflects the financial priorities and decisions of the Indian government.
| 3. What are some key factors that are likely to influence the verdict on the Money Bill? | |
Ans. Factors such as economic growth, inflation rates, government spending, public debt, and international trade agreements can all influence the verdict on the Money Bill.
| 4. How does the Money Bill affect the common citizens of India? | |
Ans. The Money Bill directly impacts the allocation of resources for public services, welfare programs, infrastructure development, and other initiatives that affect the daily lives of Indian citizens.
| 5. What are the potential implications if the Money Bill is not passed in India? | |
Ans. Failure to pass the Money Bill can lead to budgetary constraints, disruptions in government operations, delays in project implementation, and overall uncertainty in the economy.
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