The Hindu Editorial Analysis- 7th May 2025 | Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis: Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

The fragmentation in the global fight against terror

Context

 Gone are the days of a unified stance and 'zero tolerance' towards terrorism. a different standard is now applied in the case of India, a nation that continues to be a victim of state-sponsored terror. 

Introduction

 The Pahalgam terror attack on April 22 has once again revealed the disunity in the global fight against terrorism and highlighted Pakistan ’s tendency to use terror when it fears a return to normalcy in Jammu and Kashmir. Although several countries condemned the attack, many also urged both India and Pakistan to show restraint. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio even called on both sides to “work towards … a responsible resolution that ensures long-term peace and regional stability in South Asia.” U.S. Vice-President J.D. Vance expressed “hope” that India’s response would not escalate into a broader regional conflict. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov emphasized resolving differences through political and diplomatic channels, while the EU’s foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas stopped short of even labeling the incident a “terror attack.” 

Diminishing Global Commitment to Counter-Terrorism

•  The era of “zero tolerance” for terrorism is over. 
•  There is no longer a global consensus on holding perpetrators accountable. 
•  Some countries now demand proof from India regarding Pakistan’s involvement in terrorism, ignoring: 
• Pulwama Attack (2019) Mumbai Attacks (26/11, 2008) 
•  Instead of confronting the perpetrators, these nations urge India—the victim—to exercise restraint. 

Changing Global Dynamics and Their Implications for India

• Reduced Global Appetite for Conflict in Asia. Ongoing wars in Ukraine, Gaza, and West Asia have made countries wary of new flashpoints. 
• Stability in Kashmir Seen as a Threat by Pakistan. Successful elections and booming tourism in Jammu & Kashmir worry Pakistan. 
• Erosion of Post-9/11 Global Counter-Terrorism Unity. The consensus after 9/11 for a unified global fight against terror has collapsed. 
•  The world is reverting to a divisive stance: “my terrorist” vs “your terrorist.”

Selective Concern Among Global Powers

• Europe. Focused primarily on right-wing extremism and domestic threats. 
• United States (under President Joe Biden): Prioritized REMVE. Racially and Ethnically Motivated Violent Extremism). 
• Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Uses Islamophobia as a justification to overlook terrorism. 
• Canada. Dismisses threats to India from its soil as “freedom of expression.” 
• China. Blocked India’s 2022 proposals at the UN to blacklist Pakistan-based terrorists under UNSC Resolution 1267. 

Neglect of Rising Terror Threats in Africa and Asia

• Asia and Africa Blindsided. Global powers are ignoring the surge of terrorism across these regions. 
• Explosive Growth of Terror in Africa. Terrorism has spread from the Sahel to Mozambique. The Global Terrorism Index 2025 identifies the Sahel as the epicentre, responsible for over half of global terrorism-related deaths. 
• International Community’s Response. Continues to dismiss African terror as a regional issue: “your terrorists, not mine.” This selective approach is undermining global counter-terror efforts and short-changing Africa. 

A different yardstick for India

• India, the biggest victim of state-sponsored terror from Pakistan, faces a different global standard. 
•  Focus is shifted from counter-terrorism to “regional stability” due to Pakistan’s successful use of the “nuclear war” bogey. 
•  While the West encourages Ukraine ’s resistance against nuclear Russia, it fears escalation between India and Pakistan. 

Modi’s Nuclear Peace Appeal

• PM Narendra Modi urged Russian President Vladimir Putin not to use nuclear weapons in Ukraine. 
•  This call was acknowledged and thanked by the U.S. and others, yet India is still urged to show restraint. 

Pahalgam Terror Attack and Religious Targeting

•  In Pahalgam, tourists were attacked based on religion. a Muslim pony operator was shot while saving them. 
•  The Resistance Front (a proxy of Lashkar-e-Taiba. initially claimed the attack, then retracted. 
•  Objective: Foment communal tension in India. 

Global Silence on Hinduphobia

•  While there’s loud condemnation of Islamophobia, anti-Semitism, and Christianophobia, there is silence on Hinduphobia. 
•  Western discourse labels protests on university campuses as religiously motivated, ignoring contextual factors like the Gaza conflict. 
• Vivek Ramaswamy faced religious slurs during his U.S. presidential campaign. 

Rare Recognition by Western Official

•  A shift came with U.S. Director of National IntelligenceTulsi Gabbard calling the Pahalgam attack a “horrific Islamist terrorist attack.”
•  She explicitly recognised Hindus as the targets. 

Extradition Progress

• Tahawwur Rana was extradited to India from the U.S. for the Mumbai attacks. 
• David Headley, however, remains in the U.S.. 

Pakistan at the UNSC

• Pakistan used its UNSC seat to call for an emergency closed-door session on the “deteriorating regional environment.”
•  Similar to 2019's UNSC meeting (after Article 370 abrogation) initiated by China, the session produced no outcome document. 
•  The P-5, except China, views Kashmir as a bilateral issue between India and Pakistan. 

Indus Waters Treaty and Global Parallels

•  India’s decision to put the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance was flagged by Pakistan at the UNSC. 
•  India is expected to block any UNSC statement, drawing parallels to how the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam issue was handled between Ethiopia and Egypt (2021). 
•  Any single UNSC member can prevent the issuance of an official statement. 

Way forward: The path ahead

• Accountability from Strategic Partners: If the world is concerned about India not using kinetic options to fight terrorism at its source, should India’s strategic partners not hold Pakistan accountable, instead of substituting rhetoric for real action or calling for tension defusal? 
• Strengthening Gulf Allies’ Role: To deter Pakistan, India’s Gulf allies, Saudi Arabia and the UAE, need to step up in their efforts, especially as they undergo socio-religious reforms. 
• International Community’s Responsibility: The international community must act to sanction Pakistan, not just respond sporadically. If not, India will act unilaterally. 
• Planning Ahead for Strategic Options: India must think beyond the current strategic options and plan ahead. 
• Ongoing Fight Against Terrorism: With a strong international framework against terrorism, the world must continue its fight, especially against state-sponsored terrorism. 
• Leading the Fight Against Religio-Phobia: After raising the issue at the UN General Assembly in 2022, India has another chance to lead the fight against religiophobia against non-Abrahamic religions. 
• Expanding Campaign Beyond the UN: India should take this campaign beyond the UN, addressing it bilaterally with host countries. 

Persuasion strategy

 Context 

 India is currently facing a serious situation, with warnings of a potential full-scale war for the first time in over 50 years. In response, the government is conducting civil defense drills to prepare citizens and infrastructure while balancing defense readiness with diplomatic efforts and national unity. 

 India on the Threshold of War 

• Historic Warning: India has received a warning, for the first time in over half a century, about the possibility of entering a full-scale war. 
• Purpose of the Drills: The ongoing civil defense drills aim to raise public awareness about the potential for war, preparing citizens for what could impact their lives. 
• Public Preparedness: These drills are designed to psychologically prepare citizens for the possibility of war and hardship, ensuring they are ready for any eventuality. 

 Civil Defence Preparedness 

• Key Element of War Strategy: Civil defense preparedness is a crucial aspect of war planning. 
• Drills Purpose: The drills aim to assess the response of ordinary people, those managing essential civil assets, and trained personnel in a war-like scenario. 
• Public Involvement: The drills involve not just government and military personnel but also ordinary citizens, highlighting the importance of collective preparedness. 

 National Mobilizations and Government Efforts 

 National Mobilizations: The government, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has shown readiness to mobilize the nation for various large-scale projects, including: 

• Demonetisation:. significant economic initiative with wide-ranging effects. 
• Swachh Bharat:. mission aimed at cleaning India to foster national unity and discipline. 
• COVID-19 Response: Efforts to test and ensure the resilience of India's infrastructure during crises, such as power grid resilience testing. 

Grid Resilience Testing: The drills are once again testing the resilience of the power grid, with blackouts simulated as part of the exercise. 

Mission-Mode Thinking: The government encourages a mindset of mission-mode readiness for national emergencies, promoting public participation. 

 Social Consciousness and Cohesiveness 

• War-like Simulations: Simulating war scenarios can enhance public awareness, social cohesiveness, and focus on common goals. 
• Preparation for Hardships: These drills help prepare citizens for potential hardships while maintaining morale. 
• Strengthening National Unity: Simulating a war environment can unite people around common objectives and strengthen national resolve.

 Risks and Destruction 

• The Destructive Side of War: War inevitably leads to destruction, a critical consideration for both the government and citizens. 
• Pahalgam as India's 9/11: The attack in Pahalgam is perceived by some as India's equivalent to the 9/11 tragedy, not in scale but in the nature of the response. 
• Collateral Damage: The potential for significant destruction, including damage to infrastructure and civilian lives, is a major concern with any escalation to war. 

 Modi's Promise and the Risk of Retaliation 

• Modi's Commitment: Prime Minister Modi's pledge to pursue terrorists relentlessly carries the risk of full-scale war and strong retaliation. 
• Escalation Risks: While civil defense drills are manageable, a real war would escalate tensions and could harm India's image as an emerging economic power in a multipolar world. 
• Strategic Decision:. careful balance is needed between pursuing security interests and avoiding escalation that could damage India’s global standing.

 Diplomatic Considerations 

• Maintaining Diplomatic Options: The government must keep diplomatic channels open to encourage Pakistan to de-escalate by handing over terror leaders from groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM). 
• India’s Response to 26/11: India’s restrained response to the 26/11 attacks embarrassed Pakistan, with Pakistani media amplifying this by focusing on the family of Ajmal Kasab, the lone attacker captured alive. 
• International Pressure: Diplomatic efforts to isolate Pakistan internationally can complement military and strategic responses, leveraging global opinion against terrorism. 

 Psychological Operations (Psy-Ops) 

• Purpose of Drills: The civil defense drills may function as psychological operations (psy-ops), signaling India’s intent and potentially deterring Pakistan from using terrorism in geopolitical conflicts. 
• Strategic Messaging: The drills convey India’s resolve to defend itself while sending a message to adversaries about its readiness and capabilities. 
• Enhancing National Morale: By mentally and physically preparing citizens, these drills aim to maintain national morale in the face of challenges.

 Conclusion 

India’s strategic approach fuses civil defense preparedness, national mobilization, and diplomatic efforts to tackle escalating security concerns. While readying citizens for potential war, the government must carefully manage escalation risks, keeping diplomatic channels open to de-escalate tensions with Pakistan and uphold global stability.