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Tools of Recombinant Technology Video Lecture | Biology Class 12 - NEET

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1. What is recombinant technology and what are its applications?
Ans. Recombinant technology refers to the process of combining DNA from different sources to create a new sequence. This technology has various applications, including the production of therapeutic proteins, development of genetically modified organisms, gene therapy, and DNA fingerprinting.
2. What are the tools commonly used in recombinant technology?
Ans. There are several tools used in recombinant technology, including restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), plasmids, and vectors. Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sites, DNA ligase helps in joining DNA fragments, PCR amplifies specific DNA sequences, plasmids act as carriers of foreign DNA, and vectors are DNA molecules used to transfer foreign DNA into host organisms.
3. How does recombinant technology contribute to the production of therapeutic proteins?
Ans. Recombinant technology plays a crucial role in the production of therapeutic proteins. By introducing the gene that codes for a specific protein into a host organism, such as bacteria or yeast, scientists can utilize the host's machinery to produce large quantities of the desired protein. This method is more efficient and cost-effective compared to traditional methods of protein extraction from natural sources.
4. What is gene therapy, and how does recombinant technology assist in its implementation?
Ans. Gene therapy is a medical technique that involves altering an individual's genes to treat or prevent diseases. Recombinant technology enables gene therapy by allowing scientists to introduce therapeutic genes into a patient's cells. This can be achieved by using viral vectors or direct delivery methods. The therapeutic genes can replace defective genes, provide missing genes, or regulate the expression of certain genes, thereby offering potential treatments for genetic disorders.
5. How is recombinant technology used in DNA fingerprinting?
Ans. DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA profiles. Recombinant technology plays a significant role in this process by utilizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing methods. PCR amplifies specific regions of DNA, which are then analyzed to identify variations in DNA sequences. These variations, known as genetic markers, are unique to each individual and can be used for forensic analysis, paternity testing, and identification of genetic diseases.
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