Transport In Plants in One Shot (NCERT) Video Lecture - Biology Class 11 - NEET

Ans. Water moves through plants through a process called transpiration. Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from the plant's leaves and stems. Water is absorbed by the roots and travels up through the xylem vessels, driven by the process of transpiration. This process creates a continuous flow of water from the roots to the leaves, providing hydration and nutrients to the entire plant.

Ans. The plant's transport system consists of two main components - xylem and phloem. Xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the leaves, while phloem transports sugars and other organic substances from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Xylem is made up of long, hollow cells called tracheids and vessel elements, while phloem consists of sieve tubes and companion cells.

Ans. The movement of sugars in plants occurs through a process called translocation. Translocation is the process by which sugars produced in the leaves during photosynthesis are transported to other parts of the plant for energy storage or growth. This process takes place in the phloem. Sugar molecules are actively loaded into the sieve tubes in the source regions (usually leaves) and are then transported to the sink regions (such as roots, fruits, or growing buds) where they are unloaded for utilization or storage.

Ans. Several factors can affect transpiration in plants. These include: - Temperature: Higher temperatures increase the rate of transpiration as they cause the water molecules to evaporate more quickly from the leaves. - Humidity: High humidity reduces the rate of transpiration as the air surrounding the plant is already saturated with moisture, making it harder for water to evaporate. - Wind: Wind increases the rate of transpiration by removing the water vapor around the leaves, creating a lower concentration gradient and facilitating faster evaporation. - Light intensity: Higher light intensity increases the rate of transpiration as it stimulates the opening of stomata, which allows water vapor to escape.

Ans. Plants have several adaptations to prevent excessive water loss during transpiration. These adaptations include: - Stomatal regulation: Plants can regulate the opening and closing of stomata, which are tiny openings on the surface of leaves. By closing the stomata during hot and dry conditions, plants can reduce water loss through transpiration. - Cuticle: The outer layer of leaves and stems is coated with a waxy cuticle, which acts as a barrier to water loss by reducing evaporation. - Trichomes: Some plants have specialized hair-like structures called trichomes on their leaves. These trichomes can trap moisture around the stomata, reducing water loss. - CAM photosynthesis: Certain plants, such as succulents, have adapted a type of photosynthesis called CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism), which allows them to open their stomata at night and store carbon dioxide for photosynthesis during the day, minimizing water loss.