UPSC Mains Essay Question Paper Solutions - 2019 | UPSC Previous Year Question Papers and Video Analysis PDF Download

1. Wisdom Finds Truth

• It is the level at which the main characters begin to argue the artwork of finding love. There is no doubt that South Asian society is connected not only with the conditions of humanity and love, but in addition to the originality and order of the creation of knowledge and the discovery of truth, and in this article, someone has benefited. all three. Accepting that devotion and magic is the 2 keys to success in finding the truth within a person and that it is also a lie, another level at which the characters begin to argue.
• Knowledge and truth are in love, and love begins with the plan of creation. This command cannot be ignored, because it is the last of all, and the knowledge finds the truth within the text, because our existence can be found only in love, not by ignoring its ultimate authenticity, yet our way of life as they are.
• To know the truth, one must understand that knowledge means combining technology, knowledge, and intellect with the most important topics. The methods of truth cannot be ignored, because they are the ultimate truth of our existence. A person with knowledge found the truth because he knows the difference between truth and falsehood.
• To know the doctrine of the emptiness of God requires a knowledge of the knowledge surrounding it. The great thing about knowledge is that it does not depend on written theories in books and subjects on skills and abilities.
• Knowledge is the explosion of unconditional love for human souls, animals and timber. Knowledge influences how we and our souls deal with all kinds of good and bad things in life. Knowledge leads us beyond the cycle of emotions and feelings to the vortex of envy, insecurity and anger.
• Knowledge is the highest quality of a human character defined as technology, knowledge, and intellect in order to take appropriate action. It is said that knowledge is acquired skillfully, but expertise itself does not impart knowledge.
• These statements do not mean that the Holy Spirit leads them to the truth, but that they are led by Him in the fullness of truth. Truth is hard to grasp, yet we see that knowledge leads us there. It means that knowledge leads us to look at stories as broadly as possible, which we want and are perceived, recognizing aspects of the news that we may not fully comprehend in life.
• Knowledge is the level of expertise, knowledge and intellect. This makes a person a founder, inventor and founder in his work, be it physical or metaphysical. This impression is the reason why, for six years in his quest for truth, when he could not find solutions to his problems, he sought the help of a rational coach who had always been present.
• Psychologist Robert Stern Berg explains the concept because the intensity of the different actions is aimed at the widespread good. There are a few examples of the wisdom manifested by Shri Krishna within the Mahabharat, and the knowledge attested to by Gandhi in supporting the cause of Islam within the Khilafat movement, which introduces Hindus and Muslims collectively on the national stage.
• Non-national values, monetary values, belief systems, management principles and information-seeking information within the article "Drishti Ias." Preparation I advised using simple English because I had received my story “Gaps and Fashions of Touring by Technique of Essays” (Mukhya Pariksha Hetu McGraw Hill, Civil Service) and I had a strong feeling that it would affect my story. The community [4] is not satisfied with the information, however I am determined to work.
• Uncertainty in life gives us the opportunity to reflect on the problems that lead to wisdom. All the pieces happen according to a plan, and we are part of that plan.
• When consciousness comes from him, he walks in the path of knowledge, and this process is known as knowledge. self and authenticity is the shortest way to value information. Under normal circumstances, nothing is true, though the truth is true.
• It discusses common truths because they are important worldwide. Theme 1, for example, is that the financial aspect of the written truth about financial institution fraud and money laundering cannot be concealed, and law enforcement agencies must train intelligence in order to break the criminal system. In addition, it has a social perspective on the issue of honesty about civic suicide and child rape, which cannot be hidden and should be used in the mind as a basis for the definition of criminals.
• Instead of wisdom, the minds of leaders and people have become full of lies, propaganda, fake news and gag laws with the help of state police and army. It looks like a human being
• Civilization, blinded by competition, success, power, wealth and splendor ride a "Bus to Busan", a film about people going to a place where everyone would meet to- the fait accompli- except the righteous and the wise. 
• The righteous and the wise, they need they passed through the rivers and streams of the rock, far from the cities, when they were alone; isolated and frustrated people kill one another and commit suicide during the apocalyptic period a film called "The Box of Birds." People who take off their blindfold will see the beauty of life - follows a beautiful song of birds in the midst of a lush green, stunning and calm nature.
• One of the characters is trying to convince blindfolds to "open their eyes" and "see", 
• "The voice is very beautiful", because there is so much "hope and hope", smiles and cheers, "opportunities". Opening the eyes to closing the eyes is “wisdom” and that is what shows the way ubuntu.
• The truth may be great, notable for its diversity and diversity but its wise search opens up new possibilities understanding vistas and a new set of appropriate actions. This seems like an opportunity to learn once grow. Says Hu Shih, “It is only when we realize that there is no eternal, unchanging truth either absolute truth can awaken in us a sense of responsibility ”. Leaders need to convey this to the people. 
• Mahatma Gandhi says that despite the differences as for the truth, it cannot deceive anyone. It is difficult to find the truth and to gain it wisdom. But it is necessary to live a purposeful life. The Dalai Lama reminds, “Try to stay the truth. The power of truth is endless. Power and violence may be short-lived, but in time the truth is there. "So, there are two machines we are bound to we have done it in our life journey. 
• First, seeking the Truth throughout our lives. Second, it is simply a matter of living a healthy lifestyle and good behavior) - regardless of the personal cost of this. Wisdom helps with both machines. And the truth makes our lives happier if we let it. Franz Kafka sincerely emphasizes the need to seek the truth “Do not bend; do not pour water on it; do not try to make sense; do not set your soul in fashion. Instead, follow along your great indignation. ” Infatuation for anything but the truth is bad; so, Kafka recommend.

2. Values are Not What Humanity is, But What Humanity Ought to Be

• We live in a materialistic world where standards have been largely ignored we can win, succeed and rejoice. But today's world is full of prosperity without peace, success without happiness and luxury. Humans are imaginary animals. You have attempted throughout the evolutionary history of civilization development and refinement in life and life. Values give meaning and purpose to one's life. 
• The above statement indicates the type of the disappointment of why there is so much diversity in “what is real” and “what should be” in the world. Man, by nature, is selfish on the one hand and a social animal on the other. Standards help a person to become very intelligent and kind to the community The difference between real and ordinary values is simply a matter of our understanding. Prices they are important both - present and future. When we start living two lives- one driven by action current relevance and so on with ideas just for the sake of learning, the kind of hypocrisy and both come from our behavior. 
• Thoughts and actions vary. The law and practice are different. Society is being pushed around by confusion and religious dilemma. Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, it is recommended to reduce this gap between real and positive. He suggested avoiding hypocrisy both pairs and thoughts and behaviors. He warned of hypocrisy and both in this way - “Your your beliefs become your thoughts, your thoughts your words, your words your own your actions, your actions become your habits, your habits become your values, your values become your your destiny. ” We see how important values are in both the present and the future. 
• In everyday life whatever we do, which determines our future as individuals and as a society. There have been few times in human history that age, saints, philosophers and society. leaders ask "what is it" and "if so," why is it so? "This is always curiosity and courage a careful examination of "what" against "what is right" led to progress and change in the world as well ubuntu. There are two kinds of people - one group accepts the facts of life as they are and the other another team wants to change it for the better. The first group accepts and accepts, the other the group doubts, evaluates and agrees and disagrees. 
• The latter is what philosophy as well the scientific advocate is best described by the Greek philosopher Aristotle— “An untested life it is not worth living. ” Many people are forced by their circumstances or by their choice to accept the facts of life as always, they do not want to disturb the situation and leave in their peace the surroundings, however, are congested. But on the other side of the spectrum, history saw people from Galileo, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Christ to Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Martin Luther King, etc. who asked for "real" and "current status", even if it means payment. a large number of these and these are the people who “made a difference” in the way humanity moved forward. 
• All great leaders are motivated by values, values, and principles rather than by their immediate appearance tangible goals. Most people live in the present and are guided by the temporal interests of the individual while leaders have a vision and are guided by long-term commonalities. Commitment before the destructive truths of life is cowardice and failure. If the facts Life is oppressive and dark, and great philosophers are not advised to agree with these facts, get used to it and live in the dark. Says J. Krishnamurti, “It is not a measure of health to be is very common in a very sick community. ” There are major aspects of illness in society. Icon very much in the "kalyug" or "machine age" or "industrial society" which values prosperity and power over humanity and love and morality and morality. 
• People are driven by what it is popular and fashionable and this makes them the prisoners of their time. They just follow the principles, practices and customs and traditions of their current society are undoubtedly. It is the same again for they are confused about what is right and what is wrong. But intellectuals say that in a matter of minutes of doubt and confusion, values help in decision making. Roy Disney aptly, “It's not hard to do make decisions when you know what your values are. ” Reason for fear, panic, and lack believing that greater potential and quality of life arises out of a lack of standards. 
• It does not deny the fact that people inculcate values that emanate from the public sphere, education, information and examples. But values are also guided by popular beliefs and fashions time. Human psychology follows simplicity, popularity and fashion. They think more about current benefits and windfalls. Patience in thinking, self-awareness and imagination the effects of their thoughts and actions in the medium to long term are nonexistent. Great values are focused on durability and performance. But most people do not like to go out a place of luxury. Learning and pursuing values is very demanding and requires taking pains. But when pleasure and immediate gain become excessive, who is willing to suffer. Indeed, so much has always been lacking in human history. 
• Prices should not be tarnished by the desire for success in short and bad ways. I the spirit of the beast should not blind us and be allowed to conquer our understanding and our dispersion. If man is above all values. Being on the side of truth is above all values. Courage again endurance is a virtue and a virtue. Honesty, integrity and integrity are the main values. All right the right thoughts and actions are invaluable. Our success without all these structures does not the appearance of great treasures. Therefore, it does not bring a sense of satisfaction and happiness. Being human is very important in everything we do. 
• Shannon L. Alder has made this clear very well- “Before you call yourself a Christian, a Buddhist, a Muslim, a Hindu or any other religion, learn to be human first. ” Transformation and change do not happen without high standards. Courage to say truth is a higher value. Supporting a just and dignified cause is a high value. Normal goodness, well-being and happiness are the highest values. Toughness, endurance and standing in the middle disaster and difficulty levels are high. There is a certified and time-tested positive values that lead to change and progress at the individual, community and global level. 
• Normal values give wings of hope and optimism about opportunities and values multiplying power for those who aim to be leaders of change and progress. But by standard standards, the world will be a much more boring, addictive, boring and oppressive world. There is nothing endless but change. For now the needs of the individual and the community are important, but to think of more freedom, justice, equality and Sustainable development requires continuous setting new standards and standards as well common principles for making life and life better. We have a responsibility as parents and teachers and leaders to pass on values to the youth. Quoting James Dobson, “Children are not just strangers in our home. They have been loaned to us for a while with the intention of loving them and instilling in them the foundation of the values on which their future lives will be built. ”

3. Best For an Individual is Not Necessarily Best for The Society

• Humans are often influenced by the spirit of the animals and by their selfishness. He is also called a longing for freedom. People are trying to achieve their goals of freedom in any way without paying paying close attention to the effects of their actions on society. The community on the other hand is trying to set policies and procedures to save communities from chaos. The community loves it develop principles that guide and bind individuals in their daily lives in order to behave responsibly in a way. 
• However, such agreements restrict freedom of choice. There is an infinite a conflict between the interests of the individual and the interests of the community and apparently seems to be the best for the individual it is not the best thing in society. For example, freedom is recognized by individuals as such the most desirable goal, but the state feels that freedom without reasonable limits leads to disintegration and chaos. Community is a combination of individuals. Individuals, their values, their beliefs, theirs their interests and priorities, their actions, their culture, their morals, etc. shared desires and will of the party. 
• Society cannot conceive without individuals. But the “collective” view of society has grown under pressure and has entered it is contrary to man's desire for freedom and welfare. Deviation in the middle the well-being of the combined and the freedom of the individual was especially evident in the evolutionary process humanity, capitalism and philosophies such as existentialism and new ideas of justice, equality and welfare. There have been times, and many times, when people are not participating the values and objectives of society. They are pursuing their own interests rather than sacrificing themselves for the common good. 
• Clearly, it seems to agree that what is best for a person may not be so great Individuals and individuals both - at the same time special and inclusive. That's right specialization in relation to freedom and creativity. Bruce Lee sums up this idea briefly thus: “Man, a living being, a human being, is always more important than any other default style or system. They unite together in terms of social responsibility, collectively the burden and the fulfillment of shared dreams. Therefore, individuals should be free to pursue their own interests their freedom of choice and self-interest but also they should not forget their social obligations as well bonds. The public and the state often pursue conflicting goals. 
• What she is pregnant with a person's natural or basic human right may be a problem for government. Former US president Thomas Jefferson saw this conflict and said: “Righteous freedom is an absolute right according to our will within the boundaries we are surrounded by the equal rights of others. I do not come ‘Within the limits of the law’ because the law is often a dictatorship, and it always is there violates human rights. ” A society that promotes individual freedom and creativity and creates a better environment individuals to see their potential to lead to wealth creation and empowerment of the poor, i weak and reduced. The most important institution that gives or deprives freedom, equality, justice and social dignity. Social norms determine the state of human rights. The state did the public and the state are obliged to act in accordance with the wishes of the public. 
• A sensitive and responsible one the situation is a reflection of community values. Such a government empowers its people. Former Prime Minister Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee aptly stated: “Empowering the individual to empower the nation. And empowerment is best served by rapid economic growth through rapid social change. ” All of this can best be done with good governance and participation the majority. The state can use various means such as good discrimination, grants, free education and health services, etc., to unlock more power for even the few in the best possible way the interests of those people and nations. Individuals can take action and further their own growth and success, however and can serve as an agent for change, progress, equality and justice. 
• Developer his strength and improved performance are the property of the world. Paying citizen taxes and compliance with the laws and regulations of the country a good citizen. The power of a person as a good agent of personal and social growth is enormous. Producers are profitable they do not grow at individual levels, but also need to fulfill their social organization obligations. Every nation needs to build wealth, but in a global society they need to fill their own commitments to sustainable development. Individual attitude and mindfulness are very important change and progress. Diseases such as corruption, slavery, civil war, exploitation of the weak parts can be eliminated if people change their attitude. 
• It is impossible to separate a person from society and society from one person to another. They have a a strong and cohesive relationship- reversible and positive. Crony capitalism is an example of the deteriorating relationship between society, state and man. Each kindness and a conscientious and law-abiding citizen who is full of social responsibility shows good relationship. Relationships are two ways - what people do that is important to the community and the province as well what society or state does to individuals. Good citizens make up nations great and great nations care about freedom, equality and justice for the people. When the provinces react again they are sensitive and have constitutional remedies and a grievance redressal system, which people do not have they have dissatisfaction or resentment and contribute to governance and growth efforts at the same time development. 
• On the other hand, when citizens participate in politics, the economy, and society through dialogue for democracy and patriotism, the nation will surely be strong and prosperous. Public participation and participation makes it easier to implement government policies faster and without leakage. The state or society is aimed at the people and the people must be held accountable any good and bad that happens to the nation and society. It's the same people like that be stewards, teachers, parents, citizens and employees and collectively rebuild the country its end. Their interests for large parts can be reconciled. Freedom cannot be denied again and it will not be the largest of the country and have unreasonable boundaries. 
• Patriotism and social commitment may it is considered pure opinion, but it is also strengthened by the quid-pro-quo relationship within government, community and individuals. Communities and individuals play a direct role in making a living beautiful. In conclusion, we can recall Fredrick Douglas' observation: “Where justice is denied, where poverty is forced, where ignorance is rampant, and where one category is made to feel that society is an organized conspiracy of oppression, robbery and humiliation, not people or property will be safe. ”

4. Courage to Accept and Dedication to Improve Are Two Keys to Success

• Fall and rise often are true of all success stories. It also needs to be understood that any success is not the end, and failure is not the end or the shame. Life is so wonderful. It gives the opportunity to learn and grow in the ashes- "Phoenix-like growth is possible in all walks of life". Paolo Coelho he says the beauty of life is that he fails seven times and gets up eight times. It's about endurance and consistency. 
• It is about courage, faith, and devotion. It is about an invincible hope and hope. No matter what the nature of our action, these qualities are essential for success. There is no the need for pride, luxury, shock and heartache because life is built on a path of ascension. and down, ebbs and flows, a kind of roller-costar. Thus, Ann Sherry states: “Persevere. Earth things will change, things will go wrong. Life is hectic. ” It is common in any journey in life. Courage is the soul of all good journeys. It is a multiplier of energy. 
• It gives hope, confidence, patience, perseverance and help in accepting positive or negative life truths at all times restart our journey with new information made available for readiness in the past errors. Appropriately, Anais Nin says: “Life is short or spanning. that one may be courageous. ” Mistakes are an important part of human life and especially when you are growing up. Life is a journey in terms of efficiency and completeness, but full of flaws as we move forward. 
• Confession of sins Mistakes are like a broom that sweeps away dirt and leaves the face shining and clear. I feel empowered to confess my sins (Mahatma Gandhi). Mahatma Gandhi's statement is true all who dream and wish to live. 
• This confession of sins is necessary for us to grow and develop itself. Humans are by nature interested in nature and are constantly on the lookout for beauty and perfection in life. But dreams or dreams are just the beginning of human life. It takes a lot dedication and hard work to achieve dreams. But even if one works with love, with devotion as well as integrity, mistakes come in and one falls and often fails in their journey in beauty and perfection, before they achieve their goals and dreams. 
• Some people fail too fall, and rise again while other people accept their fall as a last resort and allow their fall dreams of death. Courageous people do not let their dreams die again while they accept theirs retreat and mistakes, they get up after each fall, improve on their mistakes, reorganize strategies and try again and again until the goal is achieved. How to deal with mistakes should be the same as the student. If we try with perspective, pursue our dreams; take on any business we do not know how things will turn out. 
• As we go forward, we make mistakes. If we take mistakes as bad luck or incompetence we have achieved success, things are over because gradually our confidence, our self-confidence and faith are slowly it's worn out. On the other hand, if you take the mistakes as teachers do, they will tell you what is wrong, you start learning and growing. You do not blame your failures or the plots of others good luck. You are responsible for your mistakes. 
• That is the beginning of the next journey because you are doing it efforts to learn and improve, to make strategies one jump, another war and another struggle with your best version. Upgrading ladder growth. From one level of success we move up to another level making a sincere and diligent effort to improve. Briefly quoted Roy T. Bennett: “No. no matter how knowledgeable you are, there is always something new to learn from the place in order to improve. ” Contemplating progress and taking steps to prevent it, which are sometimes legal and sometimes illegally the noise of critics. 
• This criticism is helpful if we take it as a call for improvement; otherwise these sounds break self-confidence and self-confidence. Privacy is a stepping stone to growth. From one level of success we move up to another level making a sincere and diligent effort to improve. Briefly quoted Roy T. Bennett: “No. no matter how knowledgeable you are, there is always something new to learn from the place in order to improve. ” Contemplating progress and taking steps to prevent it, which are sometimes legal and sometimes illegally the noise of critics. This criticism is helpful if we take it as a call for improvement; otherwise these sounds break self-confidence and self-confidence. 
• The journey to progress begins with acknowledging our mistakes, but backed up by dedication, that is, true love for work or work that we pursue. It is not a mistake that makes either break it, but how do we take it. We make the world a better place by doing it every day upgraded to be your best version. "Roy T. Bennett). But we can only do it if we have great dedication, which does not make us tired or weary. Devotion gives love, patience, self-confidence and courage to continue amid obstacles and difficulties. 
• Jesse Owens, who lived The great athlete emphasizes the importance of dedication and hard work in this way: “We all have dreams. But for dreams to come true, it takes a lot of determination, dedication, self-control and a lot of effort. ” Success is about dedication. You may not be where you want to be or what you do what you want to do when you are traveling. 
• But you must be willing to make a difference and foresight leading you to a wonderful conclusion and perseverance and resilience so that you do not give up then achieve your dreams. (Usher). Mental-health is a form of self-sacrificing spartanism, self-denial, devotion. Fearlessness, and love. Mistakes are an important part of our growth and development. “If you don't do something remarkable mistakes along the way, certainly do not take up much business and career opportunities. ” (Sali Krawcheck). But our way of dealing with mistakes should be a student's approach.

5. South Asian Societies are Woven Not Around the State, But Around Their Plural Cultures and Plural Identities

• It is true that communities in South Asia are woven on the basis of plural culture and plural ownership. However, from 1950 and 1960, decades known as decades of freedom or independence, South Asia also saw the arrival of modern provinces, at least in terms of structure and aspirations. For example, states have drafted their own constitution, making sincere efforts to legislate legislation and make progress in the areas of economic development and modernization. Although culture and identity still play a major role, it would be far from the truth to oppose that south Asian regions have no social impact. 
• People's lives are influenced by the state, the government, constitution, law, government institutions etc in a commendable manner. These provinces have four a detailed system of governance, police and armed forces not only help to run the system once save them from external violence, but keep the internal law and order. Communities in general they are free to practice their culture and preserve their identity, but this too must remain within the limits of the constitution. In fact, it is a two-way process communities in southern Asia- both culture and ownership on the one hand and status on the other. People make communities and the world. But society and empire are made of history and culture as well the same purpose shared respectively. 
• A tribal land is defined as a place containing content a political society under one government. The British Encyclopedia describes the situation as follows: State is a public political organization, or a political organization, or, to a lesser extent, institutions of government. An empire is a form of social union that is divided into other social groups by its purpose, the establishment of order and security; its methods, rules and application; its location, area of jurisdiction or local boundaries; and finally by its sovereignty. Communities are made up of people who are bound together by history, a culture that lives together. Very identity it is important in the various communities that make up the community and can often be a binding force to create a state.
• The state in its modern sense is just born in South Asia. These regions cannot be compared and a national and modern empire born after enlightenment and renewal in Europe as well other Western countries. There are many reasons for this. First, South Asian Freedom as well the kingdom is recent and new. Second, the countries of Southern India are notable for their diversity in their society and culture as opposed to European and American Catholic or Protestant Americans. These two significant features of South Asian regions distinguish themselves from modern Western regions because they have not yet developed a system of governance and democratic institutions that adequately meet the needs and aspirations of the people. 
• Second, their social, economic and cultural diversity marked by segregation, discrimination, inequality and aspects of feudalism block democratic processes and influence the lives of more than the state. So it is worth saying that the impact of the state on the lives of South Asians is not as great as we see it in modern Western provinces. The South Asian region is notable for its vast diversity of demographics and cultures. Seen since there are Hindus, Muslims (Shia and Sunni), Buddhists, Jaina, Sikhs and Christians. 
• In terms of historical and anthropological ideas there are different groups, namely, Aryans, Drividians etc. and regional level and the distinction between rural and urban areas and the difference between the development of areas near the capital and the suburbs and the capital diversity is more evident in South Asian countries There are more diversity in their languages as well texts. Apart from this the countries of South Asia have transformed as independent nations as well compounded by its multiplicity of adaptability and adaptability. in their history and culture and their understanding of the "good health" taken from the social to continue. 
• In India for example Durga, Sraswati and Laxmi are respectively considered mothers Shakti (power), Gyana (knowledge) and Dhana (wealth). This custom automatically leads to respect for women. Trees, rivers, and animals are venerated in the Hindu tradition, which is deeply rooted in tradition aspects of love and respect for bodies of water, plants and animals and sometimes this culture saves these are natural resources in addition to the rules. 
• There are countless examples in other cultures and religions where good values and standards such as honesty (Mussalam Imaan in Islam), integrity, truth, the right way in life (the 8 way of Buddhism) to respect other forms of life and living together as Jainism has dominated societies in their daily lives. Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism were the major religions that united these communities. with good principles and practices on the one hand and customs and traditions on the other. These religions were largely interdependent in this sense and often pushed these communities to coexist. 
• These different cultures and identities take on a larger dimension between different categories of history. But the importance of one culture did not destroy other cultures and personalities. There were conditions of communication between cultural differences and similarities. Sufism, Gandhara Art and Ganga - Jamuni Tehjeeb are wonderful examples of cultural matching. Buddhism spread across India in countries like China and Sri Lana which mark the lasting impact on those communities. These development contributed significantly to the development of South Asian communities. Even the Hindu religion and buildings spread across India, especially in Southeast Asian countries. 
• Cross boarder marriages especially between Indians and Pakistanis and cultural connections between the Punjabis both sides of the border are well known. These different cultures and identities often conflict between and within a nation. There are cracks and divisions in the nation and the political sector is always looking for times to combine votes on dividing boards. There is also a kind of competition between these different communities of business and livelihood opportunities, not advocacy opportunities gaining political power. Sometimes this leads to social unrest and conflict, which often turns into violence and turmoil.
• The small nations surrounding India also sometimes feel that India behaves “too big brotherhood ”and there are often political and ethnic differences. The situation is very serious for the existence of the religious state of Pakistan on the other hand and the exploitation of China South Asian nations with their strategic advantages and India. In all these cases The provinces of South Asia use government resources internally and externally to save national and social interests. In fact, it is interesting to note that the countries of South Asia are like that increasingly the interests of democracy, institutions of democracy, economics and science progress and the establishment of many, modern and world powers. 
• The formation of the state, however, is difficult for many and diverse South Asian communities abroad paying attention to their cultural diversity and their questions. States gradually to move forward to bring people together about shared dreams of prosperity and peace and stability development. Good governance, institutions and the development of social and economic infrastructure with the exception of the active legislature, authorities and judges by checks and balances are common wish to all South Asian nations. 
• These dreams and aspirations bind people together with the regions they also increasingly find it their duty to fulfill the will of the people. Protecting yourself from external attacks, efficient police operations and making it easier to do business otherwise government welfare programs have also become a binding force in the South Asian States. Global development in recent decades has been emerging and amazing. the influence of many positions, which are often religious and political. 
• Multidisciplinary is required a view of the interdependence of religion and politics in India especially of Hindus, Muslims Pakistan, and Buddhists Sri Lanka. Communities are made up of socio-political-religious structures features. We cannot understand conflicts in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and many other parts in the world without making sense of complex political and religious connections. Most traditional methods seem to present a much simpler translation, good and bad. The latest dynamic religious and political developments often contradict traditional thinking as well definitions. 
• In theory, this has meant a limited understanding of religion and politics Having said this, we should never underestimate the power of culture and human aspirations ownership. The day will be golden for example, when Indians enjoy their cultural freedom once and for all ownership of prosperity and peace and mutual respect and coexistence a the dominant identity as “Indians”, uses all the narrow categories of identity. 
• This is possible with to build a modern state and to establish democracy in the true sense of the word. Still a cultural connection in making communities will remain relevant as Pope Benedict XVI aptly emphasized, to his God. Is Love: A Book of Books: "A government that will provide everything, put everything in it itself, in the end it will be just a framework that can guarantee the very thing what a poor person — everyone — needs, that is, loving personal attention. We do not know we need a State that rules and controls everything, but that State, in accordance with the law the goal of support, freely agrees and supports efforts from the opposite community power and includes self-reliance and closeness to those in need. 
• The Church is one that is the life force. ” In the case of Indian Yoga, spiritual practices such as Sufism and Hinduism are the dominant religion ideas like Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam and Survey Bhavantu Sukhinah or good deeds like shown by Rama, Krishna and Shiva can go a long way in making a good society. But politicians make things worse and more complicated for their electoral purposes. People should not agree cultural and personal exploitation for the benefit of politicians and harm community and nation.

6. Neglect of Primary Health Care and Education in India are Reasons for Its Backwardness

• When Indian Prime Minister and Finance Minister are repeatedly mentioning about their intention to make India a $5 trillion economy in a few years, it is outrageous for many to think that India is backward. India has long been reckoned as an emerging and newly industrializing economy, and yet a tag of “backwardness,” does it fit? When India is one of the fastest growing economy of the world, with remarkable growth in per capita income and reduction in poverty over last few decades making it one of the most lucrative markets and destinations for investment, the tag of backwardness is a little to undeserved tag, isn’t it? If India is developing and developing fast, is it apt to describe India as backward for whatsoever reason. 
• Another angle to see backwardness is to see it from the perspective of development. A well known development economist Michael P. Todaro defines development “as a multidimensional process involving major changes in social structures, popular attitudes, and national institutions, as well as the acceleration of economic growth, the reduction of inequality, and the eradication of absolute poverty. Thus, backwardness is about both the things man’s physical (natural resources) and social environment institutions) and realization of economic goals (increase in production, employment and income leading to improvement in living standard).
• Primary Health Care, or PHC, refers to “essential health care” that is based on scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology, which make universal health care accessible to all individuals and families in a community. It is through their full participation and at a cost that the community and the country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination. In other words, PHC is an approach to health beyond the traditional health care system that focuses on health equity-producing social policy. 
• Primary health care is necessary to prepare healthy workers and citizens. Health is one of the most important subjects for individuals and households as it not only affects energy, stamina and endurance, but also self esteem and optimism. People who are down by health issues can neither be good workers nor good citizens. In unequal societies, especially, in the Afro- Asian societies which are marked by immense inequality of wealth and income, provision of primary healthcare will go a long way in enhancing workers’ capacity and self esteem. People who cannot afford and access health care for whatsoever reason become fatalists and do not want to take part in social and economic processes.
• If we see the situation of primary healthcare in India it is not in very good state. It could be gauged by two most important parameters. Although India’s maternal mortality rate reduced from 212 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2007 to 167 deaths in 2013 and further to 130 in 2014- 15, it is still very high from all reckoning. Likewise India’s infant mortality rate in 2017 was 32 deaths per 1,000 live births, compared to the global average of 12. Neonatal mortality rates show a similar gap—24 per 1,000 live births for India, compared with the global average of 18. The incidence of diseases in India is very high and diseases like Meningitis, Dengue, Malaria, Asthma etc. take unimaginable toll every year. Recently there was a great outrage in Bihar due to Dengue deaths AND and a few years ago due to Meningitis. 
• Over 61 per cent of total deaths in India were attributed to lifestyle or non-communicable diseases (NCDs). India had an estimated 22.2 million chronic COPD patients and around 35 million chronic asthma patients in 2016. In India, 26 per cent of all deaths occur due to cardiovascular diseases. More than 1.73 million new cancer cases are likely to be recorded each year by 2020 in India. Commonly used household chemicals and cosmetics contain cancer causing compounds. More than 10 per cent of the country’s population over the age of 18 suffers from various kinds of mental illnesses. 
• Malnutrition is also one of the reasons of poor health outcomes of children and women who suffer from diseases like stunting, wasting and anemia. Despite India’s 50% increase in GDP since 1991, more than one third of the world’s malnourished children live in India. Among these, half of the children under three years old are underweight and a third of wealthiest children are over-nutriented. One of the major causes for malnutrition in India is economic inequality. Due to the low social status of some population groups, their diet often lacks in both quality and quantity. Government has initiated many schemes to ensure health for all. 
• The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister on 12th April 2005, to provide accessible, affordable and quality health care to the rural population, especially the vulnerable groups. The Union Cabinet vide its decision dated 1st May 2013, approved the launch of National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) as a Sub-mission of an over-arching National Health Mission (NHM), with National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) being the other Sub-mission of National Health Mission. 
• NRHM seeks to provide equitable, affordable and quality health care to the rural population, especially the vulnerable groups. Under the NRHM, the Empowered Action Group (EAG) States as well as North Eastern States, Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh have been given special focus. The thrust of the mission is on establishing a fully functional, community owned, decentralized health delivery system with inter-sectoral convergence at all levels, to ensure simultaneous action on a wide range of determinants of health such as water, sanitation, education, nutrition, social and gender equality. 
• Institutional integration within the fragmented health sector was expected to provide a focus on outcomes, measured against Indian Public Health Standards for all health facilities. Education gives knowledge and knowledge is power. Education makes people more informed and awre on one hand and more silled and employable on the other. In today’s competitive world, education is one of the factors that leads to growth and development. Primary education has its importance, but secondary and tertiary education is also important for development. Primary education improves health and hygiene awareness besides opening the gate for learning higher levels of skills and advanced or tertiary education leading to research and development which is very important for innovation. 
• Higher education not only improves employability, but also leads to increase in entrepreneurial willingness and skill. Education at all levels- primary, secondary and teriary – leads to attitudinal changes. The march of human evolution from homohibilis to homosapiens was accompanied by constant and continuous attainment of knowledge and its quest to strive in adverse environment by humanization of the natural environment using his attained knowledge. With the passage of era, human beings conquered the nature using his skills and lessened the impact of environment. 
• Although India has improved its performance in primary education after independence with both public and primary initiatives, it still faces shortages and unwillingness of people to send their children in schools. Shortages arise because of shortage of investment in education while unwillingness arises due to poverty of households and high cost of education. India has a literacy rate of 76 per cent as against world average of 86 per cent. According to the UNESCO, 35 per cent of the illiterate population globally resides in India. Even more concerning is that a large chunk of the population that is getting educated is still not sufficiently equipped/skilled to be absorbed productively in the workforce. 
• With an aim to universalize primary education in India, the District Education Revitalization Programme (DERP) was launched in 1994. Its main focus was to reform and vitalize the primary education system. In the past few years, this primary education scheme has shown a high Gross Enrollment Ratio of 93–95 percent in some Indian states. The student-teacher ratio in India stands at 24:1 across all levels of schooling. This seems healthy in light of the Right to Education Act stipulation of a ratio of 30:1. Survashiksha Abhiyan and Mid-Day meal schemes are some other programmes which have helped education of poor people. But there are plethora of problems in the primary education system of India. 
• Firstly, the RTE act has called for sufficient infrastructure, but less than 5% schools have all the 9 facilities mentioned in the act. Over 30% schools had no toilets and over 60 % had no playgrounds. Another big problem is about the quality of education. The quality of learning is a major issue in India and reports show that children are not achieving class-appropriate learning levels. Without immediate and urgent help, these children cannot effectively progress in the education system, and so improving the quality of learning in schools is the next big challenge for both the state and central governments. 
• Primary health care and primary education are most basic needs of human beings and if there is marked improvement in these sectors only then the purpose of growth and development is served. These two things are not only basic needs but they also form the basis of empowerment. Both the basic needs and capability approaches are inherently multi-dimensional, because both accept the fact that several things matter at the same time in the lives of the poor. There is a wide misunderstanding that if India’s growth rate is high and if if it becomes a $ trillion economy, it will not remain backward. 
• Obviously, human well-being cannot be reduced to income, or any single thing. If India truly wants to remove backwardness it will have to wor assiduously in primary healthcare and primary education sector. Moreover, Given the presence of multiple deprivations in the life of a poor, it certainly makes sense to explore the status of his well-being in terms of various shortages. If done at the individual level it would provide a matrix of individual deprivations. 
• These various deprivations depend not only on the personal factors but also upon different external forces which may be related to economic, cultural, social, political and environmental factors as well as to the nature of state policies. These external dimensions crucially dictate freedoms and the level of empowerment felt by people. Things like bureaucracy, corruption, social exclusion and discriminations always have adverse impacts, particularly on the poor.

7. Biased Media is a Real Threat to Indian Democracy

• The above satire of the “Father of Indian Constitution”, Dr. B R Ambedkar clearly states the present state of Indian media which has been profoundly referred as “Fourth Pillar” of the Indian democracy other three being executive, legislature and judiciary. According to the World Press Freedom Index released by Reporters Without Borders, India ranked 140th out of 180 countries. This is horrific for the world’s largest democracy which gives freedom of press, a constitutional backing under Article 19 of its constitution and protected directly by its highest judicial body i.e. Supreme Court of India. 
• In a country like India where 21.9% of the population lives below the national poverty line and 14.5 percent of people are affected by hunger, the loss of media’s freedom is a greatest back. This clearly undermines the democratic credentials of the country and a big obstacle in right to expression for the poor and marginalized. Non-inclusive growth of India which has led to accumulation of capital in few hands as provided a large degree of freedom to country’s elite class to mould the opinion of the policymakers according to their choice. 
• Most of the India’s media houses are owned by rich capitalists who are often influenced by money and muscle power of the ruling and opposition parties and industrial elites. This leads to bifurcation of the national interest and inclination of the policy formulation away from socialist credentials of Indian constitution and inclusive growth. 
• This can be reflected in various outcomes such as large amount of loan sanctioned to corporate houses despite having priority sector lending norms set by the central banks. Further, parties of different ideologies push their agenda with the help of money and muscle power and overpower the independent credentials which the press must possess. These factors have led to creation of large space in Indian media for non-essential news such as glorification of a person, stories based on hatred towards a particular community or religion, promotion of star kids and children of politicians etc. 
• The news related to unemployment, outcomes of policy implementation, farmland distress, shortage of water supply, civic amenities, discussion on foreign policies, etc., find no or very less space in these news channels. Debates on electronic media on terrorism, naxalism, language and insurgency sometime take regional and communal colour. These incidents clearly shake the foundation stone of India which is based onunity in diversity and violates the provisions of Indian constitution such as right to equality (Article 14) and the right to life and personal liberty (Article 21).Arrival of social media in Indian domain has further aggravated the problem of unethical use of media and has influenced the Indian society at large. 
• The deep rooted communal and caste hatred has again started to resurface in Indian society. Social media platforms are being used by different castes to form groups dedicated to their caste. These groups often post hatred against other castes. Similarly, communal groups are also created on these lines. Sometime these social media platforms are used to spread fake messages which often leads to clashes between different communities. 
• As these media handles do not require authorized documents to open their account, they spread fake messages fearlessly. Violent agitation by a major farming community in Gujarat and Haryana for reservation, lynching incidents on suspicion of child lifting and cattle theft, lynching for possessing beef etc. are few examples which were fuelled by misuse of social media platforms in India. Irresponsible media coverage during release of movie “Padmavat”, based on poetry master class of 16th century poet Malik Muhammad Jayashi, fuelled violence in many parts of the country. Further, fake social media handles are used to glorify a person. 
• This gives capitalist and political class an opportunity to press their agenda in public domain and glorify themselves. Social media and media platforms are being used by criminals lodged in jail to gain public sympathy and influence judicial process which was recently admitted by Delhi’s high court during hearing of Nirbhaya Gangrape case. It stated that documentary based on the victim titled “India’s Daughter” would have influenced the justice delivery system. Socially, biased media has created a deep social divide based on religion, caste and language in India. 
• It has impacted the homogeneity of Indian society and has provided a newer identity to citizens based on their caste, religion and language rather than a single identity of being Indian. Advent of pluralism in Indian domain can have long lasting impact on nation’s unity and if not controlled with urgency, it will pose a greater threat to Indian democracy. Although Indian media has inclined towards different ideologies rather than being neutral any political interference is not possible to correct its course. 
• A collaborative approach consisting of experts from across the domain under regulatory frame of Press Council of India must be set up under judicial and executive guidance to provide a policy framework for it. Further, data localization by social media companies must be done. Social media regulatory hubs must be setup by government to keep a tight vigil on media platforms based on laws. This will help India to secure itself from misuse of social media platforms by hate mongers, terrorists and enemy nation. Media and social media are double edged swords for modern democratic nations. 
• On the one hand they provide platform to usher discontent over government policies, information on natural disasters, to express problems and grievances of vulnerable section of society, to promote national integrity and unity but at the same time it can be misused to pose threat to democracy and unity of the country. Hence, one critic rightly described the role of media during American Civil War as: “The media is one of the most powerful entity on the earth. They have power to make innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent and that’s the power. Because they control the mind of masses.” – Malcolm X.

8. Rise of Artificial Intelligence: The Threat of Jobless Future or Better Job Opportunities Through Reskilling and Upskilling

• “What to do about mass unemployment? This is going to be a massive social challenge. There will be fewer and fewer jobs that a robot cannot do better [than a human]. These are not things that I wish will happen. These are simply things that I think probably will happen.” -Elon Musk (Space Scientist, entrepreneur and owner of Space X and Tesla) The First Industrial Revolution used water and steam power to mechanize production. The Second used electric power to create mass production. 
• The Third used electronics and information technology to automate production. Today, the world is on the verge of Fourth Industrial Revolution which will use Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data Analysis to make machines the masters of the whole production process. All the three industrial revolution reduced the number of jobs in the world and concentrated wealth of the world in few hands. The fourth one will further accelerate this process and will decrease the degree of financial inclusion. 
• Many scientists fear that the fourth industrial revolution will have severe impact on human race and according to Bill Gates, it has the ability to wipe out the civilization when machines will be super intelligent, and humans will have no control on them. However, present state of world economy has been driven by the two newly invented instrument, i.e., Big Data analysis and Artificial Intelligence. Both have provided numerous services from predicting natural disasters by artificially studying millions bytes of data, providing tailor made solutions to service sector such as Information Technology (IT) industry, Business process outsourcing (BPO), Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO), customer support through artificial voice assistant, analysis of programmes and software testing without human interference. 
• In banking services, AI has successfully been used for customer support through artificial voice assistant, analysis of financial ledger and security against cybercrime. In manufacturing industries, AI has provided a better alternative than human interference. When coupled with robotics, accuracy and precision of the machines increases to higher extent. This has improved the quality of the manufactured products. 
• All three previous industrial revolution reduced the scope of jobs in the industries but still left a corner for supremacy of human intelligence. Tertiary, quaternary and quinary sector of industry opened a vast workspace for the human race to act on the basis of human intelligence. The job losses which were incurred in previous industrial revolutions were soaked up in these sectors, but the advent of Artificial Intelligence and Big data analysis coupled with robotics has created a huge problem of mass unemployment in various sectors of economy existing today.
• India, which is a three trillion economy, is thriving today on billion-dollar service sectors driven by vast information technology, BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) and KPO (Knowledge Process Outsourcing) industries. Service sector accounts for 53.66% of total India’s GVA of 137.51 lakh crore Indian rupees. India which is a destination of cheap labor and quality human capital exports billions of dollars of services to most developed countries of the world including USA and United Kingdom. 
• Advent of AI and Big Data analysis has limited the scope of Indian service sector which provides impetus to accelerating Indian economy, which is currently the fastest growing economy in the world. Backend services such as telephonic support in banking services, telecommunication industry and across every sector to provide assistance, are eyeing on use of artificial assistant-based solutions. For example, State Bank of India adopted an AI based assistant named SBI Intelligent Assistant (SIA) a smart chat assistant, evolved from the “cutting edge technology of artificial intelligence, that efficiently resolves queries of NRI customers, similar to that of a bank representative. 
• This step of SBI, if evolved in a better way will alone eliminate thousands of its business representatives. Software testing which is exclusively done at very large scale in India are being done with the help of newly developed technology which gives accurate results and take lesser time replacing human testers. Highly paid lucrative jobs in this industry draws higher salary from MNCs (Multi National Corporations) based in developed countries and add up to Indian GNP (Gross National Product). Loss of jobs in this sector will hamper the prospects of Indian economy. Already reeling Indian manufacturing sector will face higher consequences when robotics coupled with artificial intelligence will be adopted by industries. This will cut down innumerable jobs from higher to lower strata. 
• Upskilling and reskilling of Indian workforce will have lesser impact as number of job losses is far larger than availability of space after deployment of cutting-edge technologies. Secondly, any upskilling or reskilling of human beings can’t match the accuracy and preciseness of code operated machines. Further, it will be unsuitable for companies to employ large human work force rather than deploying single software made solution. Although, upskilling and reskilling will provide jobs but in lesser number than lost jobs which is contrary to the prediction of World Economic Forum (WEF) report titled ‘The Future of Jobs 2018’, which stated that the Fourth Industrial Revolution will make 75 million jobs obsolete by the year 2022 but will also create 133 million new jobs, a net gain of 58 million. 
• The current scenario of job losses to these newly developed technologies contradicts these claims. If India wants to reap its demographic dividend in a better way and serve its ever-growing population, there must be a legislative intervention in this field to check its excessive use across different sectors. Limitation on use of AI based technologies to certain sector of economy to check mass job losses and large-scale upskilling and reskilling of the domestic workforce through programmes and interventions is required. 
• Human capital formed after this process should be able to cater demands of global industry. Further, upgradation of primary and secondary education systems through programs such as Atal Tinkering Lab, National Skill Development Mission, Young Scientist Programme, Skills Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion (SANKALP) and Skill Strengthening for Industrial Value Enhancement (STRIVE) to boost Skill India Mission.India, which is already under the stress as capital investment has plunged, the unemployment rate has surged to a 45-year-high and the nation’s banking system is hamstrung by the world’s worst bad-loan ratio and agriculture sector is plunged by erratic monsoon coupled with climate change impacts, it is time for government to take tough decisions to fulfill its domestic commitments and international obligation of achieving sustainable development goals. 
• These goals can be achieved only when India will implement its policies effectively with upgradation of its workforce and become world leader in human capital formation. With upskilling and reskilling, India can provide developed human resources to developed countries which are in fourth stage of their demographic transition with old age population and are scarce in human resources and also to underdeveloped countries which are still taste technical revolution.